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在上一篇文章中,我们简要演示了如何使用capacitor-plugin-dynamsoft-barcode-reader构建跨平台二维码扫描应用。在本文中,我们将使用Ionic React来构建一个二维码扫描应用。
最终结果的预览:
应用使用IonReactRouter管理导航。它有两个页面:主页和扫描页面。在主页,用户可以将扫描结果复制到剪贴板,配置是否只扫描QR二维码,是否启用连续扫描。在扫描页面,它还可以执行以下操作以完成扫码:
- 选择摄像头
- 选择摄像头分辨率
- 设置扫描区域
- 触摸对焦
- 打开闪光灯
- 放大和缩小
- 标注识别到的二维码
这个Capacitor插件基于Dynamsoft Barcode Reader和Dynamsoft Camera Enhancer实现。
编写Ionic React二维码扫描应用
下面是分步过程。
新建项目
创建新的Ionic React应用:
ionic start qr-code-scanner tabs --type=react --capacitor
我们可以启动服务器在浏览器中进行实时测试:
ionic serve
在Android上运行:
ionic capacitor add android
ionic capacitor copy android // sync files
ionic capacitor run android
在iOS上运行:
ionic capacitor add ios
ionic capacitor copy ios // sync files
ionic capacitor open ios // use XCode to open the project
添加摄像头权限
对于iOS,将以下内容添加到ios\App\App\Info.plist
:
<key>NSCameraUsageDescription</key>
<string>For barcode scanning</string>
安装依赖项
我们需要为项目安装一些额外的包:
npm install capacitor-plugin-dynamsoft-barcode-reader copy-to-clipboard
编写二维码扫描组件
React是声明式的,但我们要用的插件只提供命令式API。我们需要创建一个二维码扫描组件,以便以声明性的方式使用插件。
以下是组件的完整代码(文件另存为src\components\ QRCodeScanner. tsx
):
import { DBR, ScanRegion } from 'capacitor-plugin-dynamsoft-barcode-reader';
import { useEffect } from 'react';
const QRCodeScanner = (props: { isActive: boolean;
cameraID?: string;
resolution?: number;
torchOn?: boolean;
zoom?: number;
scanRegion?:ScanRegion}) => {
useEffect(() => {
return ()=>{
console.log("unmount and stop scan");
DBR.stopScan();
}
}, []);
useEffect(() => {
console.log("update active");
if (props.isActive) {
DBR.startScan();
}else{
DBR.stopScan();
}
}, [props.isActive]);
useEffect(() => {
if (props.torchOn != undefined) {
if (props.torchOn == true) {
console.log("torch on");
DBR.toggleTorch({"on":true});
}else{
console.log("torch off");
DBR.toggleTorch({"on":false});
}
}
}, [props.torchOn]);
useEffect(() => {
if (props.zoom != undefined) {
DBR.setZoom({factor:props.zoom});
}
}, [props.zoom]);
useEffect(() => {
const selectCamera = async () => {
if (props.cameraID != undefined && props.cameraID != "") {
let result = await DBR.getSelectedCamera();
if (result.selectedCamera) {
if (result.selectedCamera == props.cameraID){
return;
}
}
DBR.selectCamera({cameraID:props.cameraID});
}
}
selectCamera();
}, [props.cameraID]);
useEffect(() => {
if (props.scanRegion != undefined) {
DBR.setScanRegion(props.scanRegion);
}
}, [props.scanRegion]);
useEffect(() => {
if (props.resolution != undefined) {
let res:number = Math.floor(props.resolution);
DBR.setResolution({resolution:res});
}
}, [props.resolution]);
return (
<div></div>
);
}
export default QRCodeScanner;
在这里,我们创建了一个函数式组件。有几个需要注意的点。
- 由于该插件将在WebView下方创建一个原生的摄像头视图,并将WebView的背景设置为透明,以便我们可以自定义UI,因此我们只将
<div></div>
作为占位符返回。 useEffect
用于监听组件是否挂载或更新。- 一些命令式API,如
setFocus
更适合以命令式方式使用,因此它们不作为组件的属性添加。
创建主页和扫描页面
- 在
src\pages
目录下创建Home.tsx
和Scanner.tsx
文件。 - 在
App.tsx
中,用IonReactRouter
管理导航。
const App: React.FC = () => {
return (
<IonApp style=>
<IonReactRouter>
<IonRouterOutlet>
<Route path="/home" component={Home} exact={true} />
<Route path="/scanner" component={Scanner} exact={true} />
<Route exact path="/" render={() => <Redirect to="/home" />} />
</IonRouterOutlet>
</IonReactRouter>
</IonApp>
);
}
export default App;
我们需要为IonApp
设置z-index
,因为Web端的扫描界面将显示一个会覆盖其他元素的全屏元素,它是绝对位置定位的。
编写主页
在主页中,创建一个Start Scanning
按钮和两个复选框。
const [continuousScan, setContinuousScan] = useState(false);
const [QRcodeOnly, setQRcodeOnly] = useState(true);
const handleOption = (e: any) => {
let value = e.detail.value;
let checked = e.detail.checked;
if (value == "Continuous Scan") {
setContinuousScan(checked)
} else if (value == "Scan QR Code Only") {
setQRcodeOnly(checked);
}
}
//......
<IonButton expand="full" onClick={startScan}>Start Scanning</IonButton>
<IonList>
<IonItem>
<IonLabel>Continuous Scan</IonLabel>
<IonCheckbox slot="end" value="Continuous Scan" checked={continuousScan} onIonChange={(e) => handleOption(e)}/>
</IonItem>
<IonItem>
<IonLabel>Scan QR Code Only</IonLabel>
<IonCheckbox slot="end" value="Scan QR Code Only" checked={QRcodeOnly} onIonChange={(e) => handleOption(e)}/>
</IonItem>
</IonList>
按下Start Scanning
按钮时,它将导航到扫描页面,并传递continuous scan
,qrcodeonly
和active
属性。
const startScan = () => {
props.history.push("scanner",{continuousScan:continuousScan,qrcodeOnly:QRcodeOnly,active:true})
}
如果禁用连续扫描,扫描页面将在检测到二维码时将码的结果返回主页。我们可以将它们显示在列表中,并使其可复制。
const [present, dismiss] = useIonToast();
const [barcodeResults, setBarcodeResults] = useState([] as TextResult[]);
const copyBarcode = (text:string) => {
if (copy(text)){
present("copied",500);
}
}
//......
{(barcodeResults.length>0) &&
<IonListHeader>
<IonLabel>Results:</IonLabel>
</IonListHeader>
}
{barcodeResults.map((tr,idx) => (
<IonItem key={idx}>
<IonLabel>{tr.barcodeFormat + ": " + tr.barcodeText}</IonLabel>
<IonLabel style= slot="end" onClick={() =>{copyBarcode(tr.barcodeText)}}>copy</IonLabel>
</IonItem>
))}
编写扫描页面
添加二维码扫描组件
-
在JSX中添加二维码扫描组件:
if (initialized == false) { return <IonPage><p>Initializing</p></IonPage> } return ( <IonPage> <QRCodeScanner isActive={isActive} /> </IonPage> );
-
在页面装载时初始化插件,并在页面卸载时停止扫描。这里需要申请试用许可证才能正常使用插件。
const [initialized,setInitialized] = useState(false); const [isActive,setIsActive] = useState(false); useEffect(() => { console.log("on mount"); const state = props.location.state as { continuousScan: boolean; qrcodeOnly: boolean; active: boolean; }; if (state && state.active != true) { return; } async function init() { let result = await DBR.initialize(); // To use your license: DBR.initialize({license: <your license>}) if (result) { if (result.success == true) { setQRCodeRuntimeSettings(state.qrcodeOnly); setInitialized(true); setIsActive(true); } } } init(); return ()=>{ console.log("unmount"); setIsActive(false); } }, []);
修改运行时设置以只扫描QR二维码
Dynamsoft Barcode Reader提供了丰富的参数来调整其行为。我们可以使用JSON模板,较方便地对其进行修改。
如果启用了仅扫描QR
选项,我们可以执行以下操作来修改运行时设置:
const setQRCodeRuntimeSettings = async (qrcodeOnly:boolean) => {
if (qrcodeOnly == true) {
let template = "{\"ImageParameter\":{\"BarcodeFormatIds\":[\"BF_QR_CODE\"],\"Description\":\"\",\"Name\":\"Settings\"},\"Version\":\"3.0\"}"; //decode QR code only
await DBR.initRuntimeSettingsWithString({template:template})
} else{
let template = "{\"ImageParameter\":{\"BarcodeFormatIds\":[\"BF_ALL\"],\"Description\":\"\",\"Name\":\"Settings\"},\"Version\":\"3.0\"}"; //decode all barcode formats
await DBR.initRuntimeSettingsWithString({template:template})
}
}
在此处了解有关运行时设置的更多信息。
添加onFrameRead和onPlayed Listener监听器
添加读到条码时触发的onFrameRead
监听器,以及摄像头状态切换时触发的onPlayed
监听器。
注意在卸载页面时,需要移除监听器。
let scanned = false;
let frameReadListener:PluginListenerHandle|undefined;
let onPlayedListener:PluginListenerHandle|undefined;
const Scanner = (props:RouteComponentProps) => {
useEffect(() => {
console.log("on mount");
async function init() {
let result = await DBR.initialize();
if (result) {
if (result.success == true) {
removeListeners();
frameReadListener = await DBR.addListener('onFrameRead', async (scanResult:ScanResult) => {
let results = scanResult["results"];
if (state.continuousScan == true) {
setBarcodeResults(results);
}else{
if (results.length>0 && scanned == false) {
scanned = true;
props.history.replace({ state: {results:results,active:false} });
props.history.goBack();
}
}
});
onPlayedListener = await DBR.addListener("onPlayed", (result:{resolution:string}) => {
console.log(resolution);
});
setQRCodeRuntimeSettings(state.qrcodeOnly);
setInitialized(true);
setIsActive(true);
}
}
}
init();
scanned = false;
return ()=>{
console.log("unmount");
setIsActive(false);
removeListeners();
}
}, []);
const removeListeners = () => {
if (frameReadListener) {
frameReadListener.remove();
}
if (onPlayedListener) {
onPlayedListener.remove();
}
}
}
绘制二维码高亮覆盖图
在连续扫描
模式下,我们可以绘制二维码高亮覆盖图,以显示检测到的二维码。
我们可以使用SVG来实现这一功能,如何实现在之前一篇文章中有讨论过。
-
在JSX中添加SVG元素:
const [viewBox,setViewBox] = useState("0 0 1920 1080"); //...... <svg viewBox={viewBox} className="overlay" xmlns="<http://www.w3.org/2000/svg>" > </svg>
SVG元素的样式:
.overlay { top: 0; left: 0; position: absolute; width: 100%; height: 100%; z-index: 998; }
-
viewBox
属性应与视频帧大小匹配。我们可以从onPlayed
事件获取大小。let currentWidth = 1920; let currentHeight = 1080; onPlayedListener = await DBR.addListener("onPlayed", (result:{resolution:string}) => { const resolution: string = result.resolution; //1920x1080 currentWidth = parseInt(resolution.split("x")[0]); currentHeight = parseInt(resolution.split("x")[1]); updateViewBox(); }); const updateViewBox = () => { let box:string = "0 0 "+currentWidth+" "+currentHeight; setViewBox(box); }
-
添加Polygon多边形和Text文本SVG元素
<svg viewBox={viewBox} className="overlay" xmlns="<http://www.w3.org/2000/svg>" > {barcodeResults.map((tr,idx) => ( <polygon key={"poly-"+idx} xmlns="<http://www.w3.org/2000/svg>" points={getPointsData(tr)} className="barcode-polygon" /> ))} {barcodeResults.map((tr,idx) => ( <text key={"text-"+idx} xmlns="<http://www.w3.org/2000/svg>" x={tr.x1} y={tr.y1} fill="red" fontSize="20" >{tr.barcodeText}</text> ))} </svg>
插件返回的条码结果具有以下定位属性,可用于确定多边形和文本元素的位置:
x1
、x2
、x3
、x4
、y1
、y2
、y3
、y4
。getPointsData
函数:const getPointsData = (lr:TextResult) => { let pointsData = lr.x1 + "," + lr.y1 + " "; pointsData = pointsData + lr.x2+ "," + lr.y2 + " "; pointsData = pointsData + lr.x3+ "," + lr.y3 + " "; pointsData = pointsData + lr.x4+ "," + lr.y4; return pointsData; }
-
处理旋转
我们需要处理的另一个问题是旋转。图像传感器的默认方向是横向的,而设备通常是纵向的。为了在屏幕上显示,视频帧通常需要旋转90度。
onFrameRead
事件将返回条码结果、设备的方向和帧的旋转角度。我们可以用这些信息来处理旋转。-
如果设备是纵向的,则颠倒viewBox的高度和宽度。
const updateViewBox = (deviceOrientation?:string) => { let box:string = "0 0 "+currentWidth+" "+currentHeight; if (deviceOrientation && deviceOrientation == "portrait") { box = "0 0 "+currentHeight+" "+currentWidth; } setViewBox(box); }
-
根据帧方向和设备方向更新定位结果。
const handleRotation = (result:any, orientation: string, rotation:number) => { let width,height; if (orientation == "portrait") { width = currentHeight; height = currentWidth; }else{ width = currentWidth; height = currentHeight; } const frontCam:boolean = isFront(); console.log("front cam: "+frontCam); for (let i = 1; i < 5; i++) { let x = result["x"+i]; let y = result["y"+i]; let rotatedX; let rotatedY; switch (rotation) { case 0: rotatedX = x; rotatedY = y; if (frontCam == true){ //front cam landscape rotatedX = width - rotatedX; } break; case 90: rotatedX = width - y; rotatedY = x; if (frontCam == true){ //front cam portrait rotatedY = height - rotatedY; } break; case 180: rotatedX = width - x; rotatedY = height - y; if (frontCam == true){ //front cam landscape rotatedX = width - rotatedX; } break; case 270: rotatedX = height - y; rotatedY = width - x; if (frontCam == true){ //front cam portrait rotatedY = height - rotatedY; } break; default: rotatedX = x; rotatedY = y; } result["x"+i] = rotatedX; result["y"+i] = rotatedY; } }
-
上述函数在
onFrameRead
事件中执行。frameReadListener = await DBR.addListener('onFrameRead', async (scanResult:ScanResult) => { let results = scanResult["results"]; if (scanResult.deviceOrientation) { updateViewBox(scanResult.deviceOrientation); } if (state.continuousScan == true) { if (scanResult.frameOrientation != undefined && scanResult.deviceOrientation != undefined) { for (let index = 0; index < results.length; index++) { handleRotation(results[index], scanResult.deviceOrientation, scanResult.frameOrientation); } } setBarcodeResults(results); } });
-
摄像头选择
-
在JSX中添加摄像头选择项:
let selectedCam = ""; const Scanner = (props:RouteComponentProps) => { const [cameras,setCameras] = useState([] as string[]); const [cameraID,setCameraID] = useState(""); //...... {isActive && <div> <select value={cameraID} className="camera-select controls" onChange={(e) => onCameraSelected(e)}> {cameras.map((camera,idx) => ( <option key={idx} value={camera}> {camera} </option> ))} </select> </div> }
-
初始化插件后加载相机列表:
async function init() { let result = await DBR.initialize(); console.log(result); if (result) { if (result.success == true) { //...... loadCameras(); setInitialized(true); setIsActive(true); } } } //...... const loadCameras = async () => { let result = await DBR.getAllCameras(); if (result.cameras){ setCameras(result.cameras); } }
-
使用二维码扫描组件的
cameraID
属性使其生效。<QRCodeScanner isActive={isActive} + cameraID={cameraID} />
分辨率选择
-
在JSX中添加分辨率选择项:
let presetResolutions = [{label:"ask 480P",value:EnumResolution.RESOLUTION_480P}, {label:"ask 720P",value:EnumResolution.RESOLUTION_720P}, {label:"ask 1080P",value:EnumResolution.RESOLUTION_1080P}] const Scanner = (props:RouteComponentProps) => { const [cameraResolution,setCameraResolution] = useState(undefined); //do not set up resolution at the beginning const [resolutionLabel,setResolutionLabel] = useState(""); //...... {isActive && <div> <select value={resolutionLabel} className="resolution-select controls" onChange={(e) => onResolutionSelected(e)}> <option> {"got "+resolutionLabel} </option> {presetResolutions.map((res,idx) => ( <option key={idx} value={res.value}> {res.label} </option> ))} </select> </div> }
选择项将显示一个带有“ask”标签前缀的预设分辨率列表,以及一个带有“got”标签前缀的显示当前分辨率的选项。
-
在
onPlayed
事件中,更新当前分辨率:onPlayedListener = await DBR.addListener("onPlayed", (result:{resolution:string}) => { const resolution: string = result.resolution; setResolutionLabel(resolution); });
-
使用二维码扫描组件的
resolution
属性使其生效。<QRCodeScanner isActive={isActive} + resolution={cameraResolution} />
设置扫描区域
我们可以设置扫描区域来引导用户将摄像头对准二维码。
下面是其用法:
const [scanRegion,setScanRegion] = useState({left:10,
top:20,
right:90,
bottom:65,
measuredByPercentage:1
});
<QRCodeScanner
isActive={isActive}
scanRegion={scanRegion}/>
触摸对焦
插件还有一个设置对焦的API。x和y的单位是百分比,范围从0.0到1.0。
setFocus(options: { x: number; y: number; }) => Promise<{ success?: boolean; message?: string; }>
我们可以为SVG元素设置onClick事件来设置对焦的焦点。如果用户点击屏幕,设置焦点,围绕点击点画一个多边形,并在1.5秒后将其删除。
const Scanner = (props:RouteComponentProps) => {
const overlayRef = useRef<SVGSVGElement>(null);
const [pressedX,setPressedX] = useState<number|undefined>(undefined);
const [pressedY,setPressedY] = useState<number|undefined>(undefined);
const onOverlayClicked = (e:any) => {
if (overlayRef.current) {
let x = e.clientX / overlayRef.current?.clientWidth;
let y = e.clientY / overlayRef.current?.clientHeight;
setPressedX(x);
setPressedY(y);
DBR.setFocus({x:x,y:y});
setTimeout(() => {
setPressedX(undefined);
setPressedY(undefined);
}, 1000);
}
}
//......
<svg
viewBox={viewBox}
className="overlay"
ref={overlayRef}
xmlns="<http://www.w3.org/2000/svg>"
onClick={(e) => {onOverlayClicked(e)}}
>
{(pressedX!=undefined && pressedY!=undefined) &&
<polygon xmlns="<http://www.w3.org/2000/svg>"
points={getPointsDataForFocusHint(pressedX,pressedY)}
className="focus-polygon"
/>
</svg>
}
其他操作
我们还可以添加其他操作来控制摄像头。
可以使用浮动操作按钮来执行这些操作。
-
在JSX中添加元素:
<IonFab vertical="bottom" horizontal="start" slot="fixed"> <IonFabButton> <IonIcon icon={ellipsisHorizontalOutline} /> </IonFabButton> <IonFabList side="top"> <IonFabButton onClick={toggleTorch}> <IonIcon icon={flashlightOutline} /> </IonFabButton> <IonFabButton onClick={() => {setZoom(1)}}> <IonIcon icon={removeOutline} /> </IonFabButton> <IonFabButton onClick={() => {setZoom(2.5)}}> <IonIcon icon={addOutline} /> </IonFabButton> </IonFabList> </IonFab>
-
将zoom和torch属性添加到二维码扫描组件:
<QRCodeScanner isActive={isActive} + zoom={zoom} + torchOn={torchOn} />
-
单击闪光灯按钮时更新闪光灯状态
const toggleTorch = () => { if (torchOn == false) { setTorchOn(true); }else{ setTorchOn(false); } }
浮动操作按钮的屏幕截图:
源代码
查看源代码并试用:
GitHub – xulihang/Ionic-React-QR-Code-Scanner: Ionic QR Code Scanner using Dynamsoft Barcode Reader
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