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rect 函数用来在一张图上添加矩形，只需要指定左下角和右上角的坐标的位置，就可以画出一个矩形
基本用法：
plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n") rect(xleft = 1, ybottom = 1, xright = 5, ytop = 5)
效果图如下：
xleft, ybottom, xright, ytop 支持一次设置多个值，同时创建多个矩形，用法如下：
plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n") rect(xleft = c(1, 2), ybottom = c(1, 2), xright = c(5, 4), ytop = c(5, 4))
效果图如下：
参数设置：
border : 设置矩形边框的颜色，默认为”black”， 支持为多个矩形设置不同的值
代码示例：
plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n")
rect(xleft = c(1, 2), ybottom = c(1, 2), xright = c(5, 4), ytop = c(5, 4), border = c("red", "blue"))
效果图如下：
col : 设置矩形的填充色，默认为NULL, 表示无填充色，， 支持为多个矩形设置不同的值
plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n")
rect(xleft = c(1, 2), ybottom = c(1, 2), xright = c(5, 4), ytop = c(5, 4), col = c("pink", "green"))
效果图如下：
density 和 angle : 搭配使用，设置用线条填充矩形，angle 设置线条的角度，默认为45， density 设置填充线条的密度，数值越大越密集
代码示例：
par(mfrow = c(1,3)) plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n", main = "density = 1") rect(xleft = 1, ybottom = 1, xright = 5, ytop = 5, angle = 45, density = 1) plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n", main = "density = 3") rect(xleft = 1, ybottom = 1, xright = 5, ytop = 5, angle = 45, density = 2) plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n", main = "density = 4") rect(xleft = 1, ybottom = 1, xright = 5, ytop = 5, angle = 45, density = 3)
效果图如下：
lwd: 设置矩形所有线条的宽度
代码示例：
plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n") rect(xleft = 1, ybottom = 1, xright = 5, ytop = 5, angle = 45, density = 2, lwd = 3)
效果图如下：
lty: 设置矩形所有线条的类型
代码示例：
plot(1:5, 1:5, xlim = c(0,6), ylim = c (0,6), type = "n") rect(xleft = 1, ybottom = 1, xright = 5, ytop = 5, angle = 45, density = 2, lwd = 2, lty = 3)
效果图如下：
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