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condign 英 [kənˈdaɪn] 美 [kənˈdaɪn]adj. 相当的；应得的（尤指惩罚）；适宜的
考点1: adj.应得的，恰当的: deserved, appropriate
■e.g. condign punishment 应得的惩罚 A suspension without pay is condign punishment for breaking the company’s code of business ethics停职是违反公司商业道德准则应得的惩罚。
■同: due, deserved, merited, justified, warranted
■反: undeserved, undue, unmerited 不应得的
outgrowth 英 [ˈaʊtɡrəʊθ] 美 [ˈaʊtɡroʊθ] n. 结果；副产物；自然的发展；分枝；生长晕
考点1: n.结果，后果: a condition or occurrence traceable to a cause
■e.g. Crime is often an outgrowth of poverty. 犯罪往往可以归因于贫穷。A predictable outgrowth of the suburb’s ever growing population will be the need for more schools.郊区人口攀升所导致的一个可以预见的后果就是需要更多的学校。
■同: aftereffect, aftermath, consequence, fate, fruit, outcome, precipitate, product, result, sequel, sequence
■反: antecedent, cause, occasion, reason 原因;origin, root, source 源头
ratify 英 [ˈrætɪfaɪ] 美 [ˈrætɪfaɪ] vt. 批准；认可
考点1: vt.(官方地)认可，批准: to give official acceptance of as satisfactory
■e.g. Lincoln’s home state of Illinois was the first to ratify the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provided for the abolition of slavery.林肯的老家——伊利诺伊是美国第一个通过《宪法第十三修正案》的州，该决 案提供了废除奴隶制的法律基础。
■同: accredit, approbate, authorize, certify, endorse, finalize, formalize, pass, sanction, validate, warrant
■反: decline, deny, disallow, disapprove, negative, reject, veto 否决
■派: ratification n.正式批准
corrosive 英 [kəˈrəʊsɪv] 美 [kəˈroʊsɪv] adj. 腐蚀的；侵蚀性的 n. 腐蚀物
考点1: adj.腐蚀性的: tending to destroy slowly by chemical action
■e.g. Concentrated sulfur acid is highly corrosive浓硫酸有极强的腐蚀性
■同: erosive, caustic
■反: n.oncorrosive无腐蚀性的
考点1: adj.讽剌性的: bitingly sarcastic
■e.g. corrosive satire 讽刺性的作品
■同: sarcastic, barbed, acerbic, satiric, acrid, barbed, mordant, tart
■派: corrosion n侵蚀
nettle 英 [ˈnetl] 美 [ˈnetl] n. 荨麻，荨麻科 v. 惹怒，使恼火；用荨麻刺伤或鞭打（某人）
考点1: vt.惹怒: to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger
■e.g. His pompous attitude nettled several people.他自大的性格得罪了不少人
■同: aggravate, annoy, exasperate, inflame, infuriate, irritate, peeve, pique, provoke, roil, ruffle, vex
■反: appease, assuage, conciliate, mollify, placate, propitiate 安抚
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