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一、CephFS介绍
ceph FS 即 ceph filesystem， 可以实现文件系统共享功能(POSIX 标准), 客户端通过 ceph协议挂载并使用 ceph 集群作为数据存储服务器， http://docs.ceph.org.cn/cephfs/。
Ceph FS 需要运行 Meta Data Services(MDS)服务， 其守护进程为 ceph-mds， ceph-mds进程管理与 cephFS 上存储的文件相关的元数据， 并协调对 ceph 存储集群的访问。
在 linux 系统使用 ls 等操作查看某个目录下的文件的时候， 会有保存在磁盘上的分区表记录文件的名称、 创建日期、 大小、 inode 及存储位置等元数据信息， 在 cephfs 由于数据是被打散为若干个离散的 object 进行分布式存储， 因此并没有统一保存文件的元数据， 而且将文件的元数据保存到一个单独的存储出 matedata pool， 但是客户端并不能直接访问matedata pool 中的元数据信息， 而是在读写数的时候有 MDS(matadata server)进行处理，读数据的时候有 MDS从 matedata pool加载元数据然后缓存在内存(用于后期快速响应其它客户端的请求)并返回给客户端， 写数据的时候有 MDS 缓存在内存并同步到 matedata pool。
cephfs 的 mds 的数据结构类似于 linux 系统的根形目录结构及 nginx 中的缓存目录分层一样.
二、cephfs使用
如果要使用 cephFS， 需要部署 cephfs 服务。
Ubuntu： root@ceph-mgr1:~# apt-cache madison ceph-mds root@ceph-mgr1:~# apt install ceph-mds Centos： [root@ceph-mgr1 ~]# yum install ceph-mds cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mgr1
创建 CephFS metadata 和 data 存储池
使用 CephFS 之前需要事先于集群中创建一个文件系统， 并为其分别指定元数据和数据相关的存储池。 下面创建一个名为 cephfs 的文件系统用于测试， 它使用 cephfs-metadata 为元数据存储池， 使用 cephfs-data 为数据存储池
[cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph osd pool create cephfs-metadata 32 32 [cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph osd pool create cephfs-data 64 64 cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph df --- RAW STORAGE --- CLASS SIZE AVAIL USED RAW USED %RAW USED hdd 900 GiB 898 GiB 2.3 GiB 2.3 GiB 0.26 TOTAL 900 GiB 898 GiB 2.3 GiB 2.3 GiB 0.26 --- POOLS --- POOL ID PGS STORED OBJECTS USED %USED MAX AVAIL device_health_metrics 1 1 0 B 0 0 B 0 284 GiB myrbd1 2 64 10 MiB 18 31 MiB 0 284 GiB .rgw.root 3 32 1.3 KiB 4 48 KiB 0 284 GiB default.rgw.log 4 32 3.6 KiB 209 408 KiB 0 284 GiB default.rgw.control 5 32 0 B 8 0 B 0 284 GiB default.rgw.meta 6 8 0 B 0 0 B 0 284 GiB cephfs-metadata 7 32 32 KiB 23 192 KiB 0 284 GiB cephfs-data 8 64 373 KiB 1 1.1 MiB 0 284 GiB mypool 12 64 2.6 KiB 3 24 KiB 0 284 GiB rbd-data1 13 32 171 MiB 74 515 MiB 0.06 284 GiB cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
创建 cephFS 并验证
ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph fs new mycephfs cephfs-metadata cephfs-data cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph fs ls name: mycephfs, metadata pool: cephfs-metadata, data pools: [cephfs-data ]
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph fs status mycephfs #查看指定cephfs状况
验证 cepfFS 服务状态
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph mds stat mycephfs:1 {0=ceph-mgr1=up:active} cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
创建客户端账户
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph auth add client.cephfs mon 'allow r' mds 'allow rw' osd 'allow rwx pool=cephfs-data' added key for client.cephfs cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph auth get client.cephfs [client.cephfs] key = AQAd7UJjV7WdERAAQwzc+s/z49zXl9zZ1zHiMg== caps mds = "allow rw" caps mon = "allow r" caps osd = "allow rwx pool=cephfs-data" exported keyring for client.cephfs cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph auth get client.cephfs -o ceph.client.cephfs.keyring exported keyring for client.cephfs cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph auth print-key client.cephfs > cephfs.key cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cat ceph.client.cephfs.keyring [client.cephfs] key = AQAd7UJjV7WdERAAQwzc+s/z49zXl9zZ1zHiMg== caps mds = "allow rw" caps mon = "allow r" caps osd = "allow rwx pool=cephfs-data" cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cat cephfs.key AQAd7UJjV7WdERAAQwzc+s/z49zXl9zZ1zHiMg==
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
安装 ceph 客户端
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# yum install epel-release -y
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# yum install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-octopus/el7/noarch/ceph-release-1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -y
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# yum install ceph-common -y
同步客户端认证文件
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ scp ceph.client.cephfs.keyring cephfs.key root@172.16.88.60:/etc/ceph/ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ scp ceph.client.cephfs.keyring cephfs.key root@172.16.88.61:/etc/ceph/
客户端验证权限
三、内核空间挂载 ceph-fs
客户端挂载有两种方式， 一是内核空间一是用户空间， 内核空间挂载需要内核支持 ceph 模块， 用户空间挂载需要安装 ceph-fuse
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# mkdir /cephfs-data [root@ceph-client-test ~]# mount -t ceph 172.16.88.101:6789,172.16.88.102:6789,172.16.88.103:6789:/ /cephfs-data -o name=cephfs,secretfile=/etc/ceph/cephfs.key
验证写入数据
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# cp /var/log/messages /cephfs-data/ [root@ceph-client-test ~]# cd /cephfs-data/ [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]# ll -h total 115K -rw------- 1 root root 115K Oct 10 00:06 messages [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/cephfs-data/testfile bs=3M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 314572800 bytes (315 MB) copied, 0.595602 s, 528 MB/s [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]# [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]# ll -h total 301M -rw------- 1 root root 115K Oct 10 00:06 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 300M Oct 10 00:12 testfile [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]#
客户端通过 key 挂载
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# tail /etc/ceph/cephfs.key AQAd7UJjV7WdERAAQwzc+s/z49zXl9zZ1zHiMg==
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# [root@ceph-client-test ~]# umount /cephfs-data [root@ceph-client-test ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 8.6M 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 49G 2.9G 47G 6% / /dev/vda1 497M 186M 311M 38% /boot overlay 49G 2.9G 47G 6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/0dd0923ceae9c5b1db6dbf822857dcff521923fbd741f01a4bcdf4d9f76144ed/merged /dev/rbd0 3.0G 529M 2.5G 18% /data tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0 [root@ceph-client-test ~]# mount -t ceph 172.16.88.101:6789,172.16.88.102:6789,172.16.88.103:6789:/ /cephfs-data -o name=cephfs,secret=AQAd7UJjV7WdERAAQwzc+s/z49zXl9zZ1zHiMg== [root@ceph-client-test ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 8.6M 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/centos-root 49G 2.9G 47G 6% / /dev/vda1 497M 186M 311M 38% /boot overlay 49G 2.9G 47G 6% /var/lib/docker/overlay2/0dd0923ceae9c5b1db6dbf822857dcff521923fbd741f01a4bcdf4d9f76144ed/merged /dev/rbd0 3.0G 529M 2.5G 18% /data tmpfs 783M 0 783M 0% /run/user/0 172.16.88.101:6789,172.16.88.102:6789,172.16.88.103:6789:/ 284G 0 284G 0% /cephfs-data [root@ceph-client-test ~]#
测试写入数据
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# cp /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /cephfs-data/ [root@ceph-client-test ~]# cd /cephfs-data/ [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]# ll -h total 301M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Oct 10 00:13 epel.repo -rw------- 1 root root 115K Oct 10 00:06 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 300M Oct 10 00:12 testfile [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]# stat -f /cephfs-data/ #查看挂载点状态信息 File: "/cephfs-data/" ID: f6f39718aa80a4cc Namelen: 255 Type: ceph Block size: 4194304 Fundamental block size: 4194304 Blocks: Total: 72583 Free: 72508 Available: 72508 Inodes: Total: 76 Free: -1 [root@ceph-client-test cephfs-data]#
开机挂载
[root@ceph-client-test ~]# echo "172.16.88.101:6789,172.16.88.102:6789,172.16.88.103:6789:/ /cephfs-data ceph defaults,name=cephfs,secretfile=/etc/ceph/cephfs.key,_netdev 0 0" >> /etc/fstab [root@ceph-client-test ~]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 25 22:02:01 2022 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=123706e7-5065-4568-91c8-91cee867c393 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 172.16.88.101:6789,172.16.88.102:6789,172.16.88.103:6789:/ /cephfs-data ceph defaults,name=cephfs,secretfile=/etc/ceph/cephfs.key,_netdev 0 0 [root@ceph-client-test ~]# mount -a [root@ceph-client-test ~]#
客户端模块
客户端内核加载 ceph.ko 模块挂载 cephfs 文件系统
四、用户空间挂载 ceph-fs
如果内核本较低而没有 ceph 模块， 那么可以安装 ceph-fuse 挂载， 但是推荐使用内核模块挂载
安装 ceph-fuse
http://docs.ceph.org.cn/man/8/ceph-fuse/
在一台新的客户端或还原快照， 然后安装 ceph-fuse
[root@ceph-test-03 ~]# yum install epel-release -y [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# yum install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ceph/rpm-octopus/el7/noarch/ceph-release-1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -y [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# yum install ceph-fuse ceph-common -y
同步认证及配置文件
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ scp ceph.conf ceph.client.cephfs.keyring cephfs.key root@172.16.88.62:/etc/ceph/ The authenticity of host '172.16.88.62 (172.16.88.62)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:iRdgjq2HzptlZRnI0NPqeOWjjyRO3/NjOyfMglqhylo. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes Warning: Permanently added '172.16.88.62' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@172.16.88.62's password: ceph.conf 100% 315 185.5KB/s 00:00 ceph.client.cephfs.keyring 100% 150 135.7KB/s 00:00 cephfs.key 100% 40 40.5KB/s 00:00 cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
通过 ceph-fuse 挂载 ceph
[root@ceph-test-03 ~]# mkdir /data [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# ceph-fuse --name client.cephfs -m 172.16.88.101:6789,172.16.88.102:6789,172.16.88.103:6789 /data 2022-10-10T00:32:04.285+0800 7fd19d419080 -1 init, newargv = 0x560a37427490 newargc=9 ceph-fuse[23723]: starting ceph client ceph-fuse[23723]: starting fuse [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# df -Th Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 8.5M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/mapper/rl-root xfs 49G 2.5G 47G 6% / /dev/vda1 xfs 495M 178M 318M 36% /boot tmpfs tmpfs 374M 0 374M 0% /run/user/0 ceph-fuse fuse.ceph-fuse 284G 300M 284G 1% /data [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# cd /data [root@ceph-test-03 data]# dd if=/dev/zero of=./ceph-fuse-data bs=5M count=100 100+0 records in 100+0 records out 524288000 bytes (524 MB, 500 MiB) copied, 15.4936 s, 33.8 MB/s [root@ceph-test-03 data]# [root@ceph-test-03 data]# ll -h total 801M -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 500M Oct 10 00:34 ceph-fuse-data -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 Oct 10 00:13 epel.repo -rw------- 1 root root 115K Oct 10 00:06 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 300M Oct 10 00:12 testfile [root@ceph-test-03 data]#
开机挂载,指定用户会自动根据用户名称加载授权文件及配置文件 ceph.conf
[root@ceph-test-03 data]# echo "none /data fuse.ceph ceph.id=cephfs,ceph.conf=/etc/ceph/ceph.conf,_netdev,defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab [root@ceph-test-03 data]# cat /etc/fstab # # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 25 13:16:35 2022 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'. # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info. # # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd # units generated from this file. # /dev/mapper/rl-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=13f7d819-4093-4969-941e-49ccb65c8595 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 none /data fuse.ceph ceph.id=cephfs,ceph.conf=/etc/ceph/ceph.conf,_netdev,defaults 0 0 [root@ceph-test-03 data]# [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# umount /data [root@ceph-test-03 ~]# mount -a ceph-fuse[23798]: starting ceph client 2022-10-10T00:42:32.829+0800 7fa596dfe080 -1 init, newargv = 0x7fa580001110 newargc=11 ceph-fuse[23798]: starting fuse [root@ceph-test-03 ~]#
五、ceph mds 高可用
Ceph mds(metadata service)作为 ceph 的访问入口， 需要实现高性能及数据备份,而 MDS支持多 MDS 结构， 甚至还能实现类似于 redis cluster 的多主从结构， 以实现 MDS 服务的高性能和高可用， 假设启动 4 个 MDS 进程， 设置最大 max_mds 为 2， 这时候有 2 个MDS 成为主节点， 另外的两个 2 个 MDS 作为备份节点。
设置每个主节点专用的备份 MDS， 也就是如果此主节点出现问题马上切换到另个 MDS 接管主 MDS 并继续对外提供元数据读写， 设置备份 MDS 的常用选项如下。
- mds_standby_replay： 值为 true 或 false， true 表示开启 replay 模式， 这种模式下主 MDS内的数量将实时与从 MDS 同步， 如果主宕机， 从可以快速的切换。 如果为 false 只有宕机的时候才去同步数据， 这样会有一段时间的中断。
- mds_standby_for_name： 设置当前 MDS 进程只用于备份于指定名称的 MDS。
- mds_standby_for_rank： 设置当前 MDS 进程只用于备份于哪个 Rank((上级节点)， 通常为Rank 编号。 另外在存在多个 CephFS 文件系统中， 还可以使用 mds_standby_for_fscid 参数来为指定不同的文件系统。
- mds_standby_for_fscid： 指定 CephFS 文件系统 ID， 需要联合 mds_standby_for_rank 生效， 如果设置 mds_standby_for_rank， 那么就是用于指定文件系统的指定 Rank， 如果没有设置， 就是指定文件系统的所有 Rank。
查看当前 mds 服务器状态
[root@ceph-deploy ~]# ceph mds stat mycephfs:1 {0=ceph-mgr1=up:active} [root@ceph-deploy ~]#
添加 MDS 服务器
将 ceph-mgr2 和 ceph-mon2 和 ceph-mon3 作为 mds 服务角色添加至 ceph 集群， 最后实两主两备的 mds 高可用和高性能结构。
#mds 服务器安装 ceph-mds 服务 [root@ceph-mgr2 ~]# apt install ceph-mds -y [root@ceph-mon2 ~]# apt install ceph-mds -y [root@ceph-mon3 ~]# apt install ceph-mds -y #添加 mds 服务器 [cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mgr2 [cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon2 [cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon3 #验证 mds 服务器当前状态： cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph mds stat mycephfs:1 {0=ceph-mgr1=up:active} 3 up:standby cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
操作过程
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mgr2 [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /home/cephadmin/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.1.0): /usr/local/bin/ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mgr2 [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] subcommand : create [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf object at 0x7fdbc0419100> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function mds at 0x7fdbc0451160> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] mds : [('ceph-mgr2', 'ceph-mgr2')] [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] Deploying mds, cluster ceph hosts ceph-mgr2:ceph-mgr2 [ceph-mgr2][DEBUG ] connection detected need for sudo [ceph-mgr2][DEBUG ] connected to host: ceph-mgr2 [ceph_deploy.mds][INFO ] Distro info: ubuntu 20.04 focal [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to ceph-mgr2 [ceph-mgr2][INFO ] Running command: sudo ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.ceph-mgr2 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-ceph-mgr2/keyring [ceph-mgr2][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph-mds@ceph-mgr2 [ceph-mgr2][WARNIN] Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@ceph-mgr2.service → /lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service. [ceph-mgr2][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl start ceph-mds@ceph-mgr2 [ceph-mgr2][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph.target cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon2 [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /home/cephadmin/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.1.0): /usr/local/bin/ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon2 [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] subcommand : create [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf object at 0x7f32f13ab100> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function mds at 0x7f32f13e3160> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] mds : [('ceph-mon2', 'ceph-mon2')] [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] Deploying mds, cluster ceph hosts ceph-mon2:ceph-mon2 [ceph-mon2][DEBUG ] connection detected need for sudo [ceph-mon2][DEBUG ] connected to host: ceph-mon2 [ceph_deploy.mds][INFO ] Distro info: ubuntu 20.04 focal [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to ceph-mon2 [ceph-mon2][WARNIN] mds keyring does not exist yet, creating one [ceph-mon2][INFO ] Running command: sudo ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.ceph-mon2 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-ceph-mon2/keyring [ceph-mon2][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph-mds@ceph-mon2 [ceph-mon2][WARNIN] Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@ceph-mon2.service → /lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service. [ceph-mon2][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl start ceph-mds@ceph-mon2 [ceph-mon2][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph.target cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon3 [ceph_deploy.conf][DEBUG ] found configuration file at: /home/cephadmin/.cephdeploy.conf [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] Invoked (2.1.0): /usr/local/bin/ceph-deploy mds create ceph-mon3 [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph-deploy options: [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] verbose : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] quiet : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] username : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] overwrite_conf : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] ceph_conf : None [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cluster : ceph [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] subcommand : create [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] cd_conf : <ceph_deploy.conf.cephdeploy.Conf object at 0x7f1a63be10d0> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] default_release : False [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] func : <function mds at 0x7f1a63c1b160> [ceph_deploy.cli][INFO ] mds : [('ceph-mon3', 'ceph-mon3')] [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] Deploying mds, cluster ceph hosts ceph-mon3:ceph-mon3 [ceph-mon3][DEBUG ] connection detected need for sudo [ceph-mon3][DEBUG ] connected to host: ceph-mon3 [ceph_deploy.mds][INFO ] Distro info: ubuntu 20.04 focal [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] remote host will use systemd [ceph_deploy.mds][DEBUG ] deploying mds bootstrap to ceph-mon3 [ceph-mon3][WARNIN] mds keyring does not exist yet, creating one [ceph-mon3][INFO ] Running command: sudo ceph --cluster ceph --name client.bootstrap-mds --keyring /var/lib/ceph/bootstrap-mds/ceph.keyring auth get-or-create mds.ceph-mon3 osd allow rwx mds allow mon allow profile mds -o /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-ceph-mon3/keyring [ceph-mon3][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph-mds@ceph-mon3 [ceph-mon3][WARNIN] Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/ceph-mds@ceph-mon3.service → /lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@.service. [ceph-mon3][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl start ceph-mds@ceph-mon3 [ceph-mon3][INFO ] Running command: sudo systemctl enable ceph.target cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph mds stat mycephfs:1 {0=ceph-mgr1=up:active} 3 up:standby cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
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验证 ceph 集群当前状态
当前处于激活状态的 mds 服务器有一台， 处于备份状态的 mds 服务器有三台。
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph fs status
当前的文件系统状态
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ ceph fs get mycephfs Filesystem 'mycephfs' (1) fs_name mycephfs epoch 4 flags 12 created 2022-10-07T11:58:44.065065+0800 modified 2022-10-07T11:58:45.078402+0800 tableserver 0 root 0 session_timeout 60 session_autoclose 300 max_file_size 1099511627776 required_client_features {} last_failure 0 last_failure_osd_epoch 0 compat compat={},rocompat={},incompat={1=base v0.20,2=client writeable ranges,3=default file layouts on dirs,4=dir inode in separate object,5=mds uses versioned encoding,6=dirfrag is stored in omap,7=mds uses inline data,8=no anchor table,9=file layout v2,10=snaprealm v2} max_mds 1 in 0 up {0=34364} failed damaged stopped data_pools [8] metadata_pool 7 inline_data disabled balancer standby_count_wanted 1 [mds.ceph-mgr1{0:34364} state up:active seq 120 addr [v2:172.16.88.111:6802/91792027,v1:172.16.88.111:6803/91792027] compat {c=[1],r=[1],i=[7ff]}] cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
设置处于激活状态 mds 的数量
目前有四个 mds 服务器， 但是有一个主三个备， 可以优化一下部署架构， 设置为为两主两备。
[cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph fs set mycephfs max_mds 2 #设置同时活跃的主 mds 最大值为 2。
六、MDS 高可用优化
目前的状态是 ceph-mgr1 和 ceph-mon2 分别是 active 状态， ceph-mon3 和 ceph-mgr2分别处于 standby 状态， 现在可以将 ceph-mgr2 设置为 ceph-mgr1 的 standby， 将ceph-mon3 设置为 ceph-mon2 的 standby， 以实现每个主都有一个固定备份角色的结构，则修改配置文件如下：
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ vim ceph.conf cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ cat ceph.conf [global] fsid = 8dc32c41-121c-49df-9554-dfb7deb8c975 public_network = 172.16.88.0/24 cluster_network = 192.168.122.0/24 mon_initial_members = ceph-mon1,ceph-mon2,ceph-mon3 mon_host = 172.16.88.101,172.16.88.102,172.16.88.103 auth_cluster_required = cephx auth_service_required = cephx auth_client_required = cephx mon clock drift allowed = 2 mon clock drift warn backoff = 30 [mds.ceph-mgr2] mds_standby_for_name = ceph-mgr1 mds_standby_replay = true [mds.ceph-mgr1] mds_standby_for_name = ceph-mgr2 mds_standby_replay = true [mds.ceph-mon3] mds_standby_for_name = ceph-mon2 mds_standby_replay = true [mds.ceph-mon2] mds_standby_for_name = ceph-mon3 mds_standby_replay = true cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$
分发配置文件并重启 mds 服务
#分发配置文件保证各 mds 服务重启有效 ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push ceph-mon1 ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push ceph-mon2 ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push ceph-mon3 ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push ceph-mgr1 ceph-deploy --overwrite-conf config push ceph-mgr2 [root@ceph-mon2 ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds@ceph-mon2.service [root@ceph-mon3 ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds@ceph-mon3.service [root@ceph-mgr2 ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds@ceph-mgr2.service [root@ceph-mgr1 ~]# systemctl restart ceph-mds@ceph-mgr1.service
ceph 集群 mds 高可用状态
查看 active 和 standby 对应关系
[cephadmin@ceph-deploy ceph-cluster]$ ceph fs get mycephfs
七、通过 ganesha 将 cephfs 导出为 NFS
通过 ganesha 将 cephfs 通过 NFS 协议共享使用。
https://www.server-world.info/en/note?os=Ubuntu_20.04&p=ceph15&f=8
服务端配置
在 mgr 节点配置， 并提前 mgr 在准备好 ceph.conf 和 ceph.client.admin.keyring 认证文件：
cephadmin@ceph-deploy:~/ceph-cluster$ sudo scp ceph.client.admin.keyring 172.31.6.104:/etc/ceph/ [root@ceph-mgr1 ~]# ll -h /etc/ceph/ total 20K drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Oct 10 21:46 ./ drwxr-xr-x 112 root root 4.0K Oct 7 11:14 ../ -rw------- 1 root root 151 Oct 10 20:28 ceph.client.admin.keyring -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 681 Oct 10 21:46 ceph.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92 Jul 22 01:38 rbdmap -rw------- 1 root root 0 Oct 4 22:49 tmpqbicc8w7 [root@ceph-mgr1 ~]# apt install nfs-ganesha-ceph -y [root@ceph-mgr1 ganesha]# vi ganesha.conf [root@ceph-mgr1 ganesha]# cat ganesha.conf # create new NFS_CORE_PARAM { # disable NLM Enable_NLM = false; # disable RQUOTA (not suported on CephFS) Enable_RQUOTA = false; # NFS protocol Protocols = 4; } EXPORT_DEFAULTS { # default access mode Access_Type = RW; } EXPORT { # uniq ID Export_Id = 1; # mount path of CephFS Path = "/"; FSAL { name = CEPH; # hostname or IP address of this Node hostname="172.16.88.111"; } #setting for root Squash Squash="No_root_squash"; # NFSv4 Pseudo path Pseudo="/magedu"; # allowed security options SecType = "sys"; } LOG { # default log level Default_Log_Level = WARN; } [root@ceph-mgr1 ganesha]# [root@ceph-mgr1 ganesha]# systemctl restart nfs-ganesha [root@ceph-mgr1 ganesha]# systemctl status nfs-ganesha ● nfs-ganesha.service - NFS-Ganesha file server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/nfs-ganesha.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-10-10 22:09:04 CST; 8s ago Docs: http://github.com/nfs-ganesha/nfs-ganesha/wiki Process: 23309 ExecStart=/bin/bash -c ${NUMACTL} ${NUMAOPTS} /usr/bin/ganesha.nfsd ${OPTIONS} ${EPOCH} (code=exited, status=0/SUCCE> Main PID: 23317 (ganesha.nfsd) Tasks: 36 (limit: 4612) Memory: 35.2M CGroup: /system.slice/nfs-ganesha.service └─23317 /usr/bin/ganesha.nfsd -L /var/log/ganesha/ganesha.log -f /etc/ganesha/ganesha.conf -N NIV_EVENT Oct 10 22:09:04 ceph-mgr1.example.local systemd[1]: Starting NFS-Ganesha file server... Oct 10 22:09:04 ceph-mgr1.example.local systemd[1]: Started NFS-Ganesha file server.
客户端挂载测试
[root@ceph-test-02 ~]# apt-get install nfs-common -y [root@ceph-test-02 ~]# mount -t nfs4 172.16.88.111:/magedu /ganesha-data [root@ceph-test-02 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on udev 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 394M 1.2M 393M 1% /run /dev/mapper/ubuntu--vg-ubuntu--lv 48G 7.2G 39G 16% / tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock tmpfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/loop1 62M 62M 0 100% /snap/core20/1587 /dev/vda2 1.5G 205M 1.2G 15% /boot /dev/loop0 64M 64M 0 100% /snap/core20/1623 /dev/loop2 68M 68M 0 100% /snap/lxd/21835 /dev/loop3 68M 68M 0 100% /snap/lxd/22753 /dev/loop5 48M 48M 0 100% /snap/snapd/17029 /dev/loop4 47M 47M 0 100% /snap/snapd/16292 /dev/rbd0 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /data tmpfs 394M 0 394M 0% /run/user/0 172.16.88.111:/magedu 284G 800M 283G 1% /ganesha-data [root@ceph-test-02 ~]# [root@ceph-test-02 ~]# cd /ganesha-data/ [root@ceph-test-02 ganesha-data]# touch test-{1..9}.txt [root@ceph-test-02 ganesha-data]# dd if=/dev/zero of=./ganesha-data bs=5M count=100 [root@ceph-test-02 ganesha-data]# ll -h total 1.3G drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody 4294967294 1.3G Oct 10 22:21 ./ drwxr-xr-x 21 root root 4.0K Oct 10 22:16 ../ -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 500M Oct 10 00:34 ceph-fuse-data -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 664 Oct 10 00:13 epel.repo -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 500M Oct 10 22:21 ganesha-data -rw------- 1 nobody 4294967294 115K Oct 10 00:06 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-1.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-2.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-3.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-4.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-5.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-6.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-7.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-8.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 0 Oct 10 22:20 test-9.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 nobody 4294967294 300M Oct 10 00:12 testfile [root@ceph-test-02 ganesha-data]#
八、删除cephfs
参考文档：https://access.redhat.com/documentation/zh-cn/red_hat_ceph_storage/4/html/file_system_guide/removing-a-ceph-file-system-using-the-command-line-interface_fs
[root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph fs set mycephfs down true mycephfs marked down. [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph fs status mycephfs - 0 clients ======== RANK STATE MDS ACTIVITY DNS INOS DIRS CAPS 0 stopping ceph-mgr2 2401 13 12 0 POOL TYPE USED AVAIL cephfs-metadata metadata 72.6M 273G cephfs-data data 0 273G STANDBY MDS ceph-mon2 ceph-mon1 ceph-mgr1 MDS version: ceph version 16.2.14 (238ba602515df21ea7ffc75c88db29f9e5ef12c9) pacific (stable) [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph mds fail 0 MDS named '0' does not exist, is not up or you lack the permission to see. [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph fs status mycephfs - 0 clients ======== POOL TYPE USED AVAIL cephfs-metadata metadata 12.6M 273G cephfs-data data 0 273G STANDBY MDS ceph-mon2 ceph-mon1 ceph-mgr1 ceph-mgr2 MDS version: ceph version 16.2.14 (238ba602515df21ea7ffc75c88db29f9e5ef12c9) pacific (stable) [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph fs rm mycephfs --yes-i-really-mean-it [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph fs ls No filesystems enabled [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph osd pool delete cephfs_metadata cephfs_metadata --yes-i-really-really-mean-it [root@easzlab-deploy ~]# ceph osd pool delete cephfs_data cephfs_data --yes-i-really-really-mean-it
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