科普成果 | 英汉双语趣谈宁波地名②

一、苍水街和张苍水的英雄人生

从宁波市中心的鼓楼步行街一路向北走到尽头就是美丽的中山公园，中山公园往东向解放路方向走，能看到一栋明清风格的院落建筑，这就是明末抗清名将张苍水的故居。故居正门所对的马路，现在称为苍水街。此街西起中山广场，东至开明街，与中山路相隔几百米，几乎平行。和中山路的车水马龙相比，这条马路没有闹市的喧嚣，正好适合缅怀这位历史上的民族英雄。

张苍水大名张煌言，号苍水，浙江鄞县人，生于1620年，当时的明王朝已经到了摇摇欲坠的末年。他能文章，22岁考上举人；善骑射，好论兵事，据《清史稿·卷二百二十四·列传十一·张煌言传》记载：“时以兵事急，令兼试射，煌言三发皆中。”从其传记记载中，可以领略到张苍水的武略，因 为当时战事紧急，（主考官）让他同时试试箭法，张煌言三箭皆中。张苍水凭借自己的聪明才智和十几年寒窗苦读终于进入了明王朝的统治阶级，可惜不到两年明朝就在内外各方力量的夹击下轰然倒下。张苍水虽是一介书生，但在国家危难之际，投笔从戎，参与了反清拥明的抵抗战争，成为了其中的主要将领。

张苍水故居

历史的潮流无法抵挡，明朝统治阶级的遗老遗少已经昏庸腐朽，光有张苍水这样的爱国将领已经无法回天无力。但是张苍水爱国爱民、英勇抗敌、誓死不屈的事迹永远不会被老百姓忘记。很多史料和遗迹记录了这位英雄的生平，宁海有处“煌言塘”，就是当年张苍水在宁海练兵之时领导军民共建的海塘。当时，张将军北伐失败，退兵宁海，看到这里的海塘已经损毁，百姓生活受到严重影响，便组织军队和民众一起出力，在短时间里修好了海塘。哪怕复国无望，他也是心系百姓疾苦。这样的英雄人物，老百姓怎会遗忘？

中山公园附近的张苍水故居古朴清雅，是一三合院，砖砌大门，门上有砖雕“近圣人居”四个大字，正厅及外两侧有重楼厢房，保存完好。现在的张苍水故居也是张苍水纪念馆，纪念馆内陈列张苍水的生平事迹，免费对外开放，也是宁波青少年爱国主义教育基地。参观幽静古朴的张苍水故居，人们在此净化心灵，激发爱国主义情感。

苍水街老照片（图片来源网络）

一、Cangshui Street and the Legend of Zhang Huangyan

There is a Ming-style old dwelling on the east of Zhongshan (or Yat-sen) Park at the north end of Gulou (literally “Drum Tower”) pedestrian precinct in the center of Ningbo. It was owned by Zhang Cangshui, a famous general in the anti-Qing resistance at the end of the Ming Dynasty (1368 –1644 AD, captured and replaced by the Qing dynasty, the last imperial dynasty in China founded by the Manchu people). The road in front of the courtyard gate of the building has been named after the renowned commander, thus called Cangshui Street. It starts from Zhongshan Square to the west and ends at Kaiming Street, and lies just a few hundred meters north of the parallel Zhongshan Road, one of the busiest avenues of the city. However, never having the heavy traffic that is always going on the neighboring thoroughfare, Cangshui street is quiet, making it a fitting memorial to the late hero.

Zhang’s given name was Huangyan, with Cangshui actually being his courtesy name. He was born in Yin County, one of Ningbo’s former names, in 1620, when the Ming Dynasty was on the verge of collapsing. When he was 22, he passed the imperial exam at the provincial level with his intelligence and studiousness, and became a new recruit of the ruling elite of the dying dynasty, only to see it meet its doom just two years later. Intellectual as he was, he joined the army and took part in the anti-Qing resistance. He later became one of the most important commanders of the military force.

张苍水雕像

However, as no one can stop the wheel of history, the surviving Ming royals were too corrupt and impotent to regain the throne, even if aided by great patriotic fighters like Zhang. But Zhang will not be forgotten for his devotion to the nation and to his fellow people, for his courage in fighting aggressors, and for his strength of will to never surrender. Besides historical records, a lot of sites have been found related to him, like the Huangyan Seawall in Ninghai, a county-level city in southern Ningbo. A folk record goes that when Zhang came back to Ninghai after his northern military expedition to fight against invaders was defeated, he found the old sea embankment in ruins, which posed a threat to welfare of the local people. He thus organized a construction team among his soldiers and the villagers, who restored the shore protection structures within months. Obviously, he was truly concerned with the good of the people even if there was no longer the imperial state he was supposed to be loyal to. Therefore, can a common people’s beloved hero like Zhang be forgotten? Today, Zhang’s former residence has become one of the sights near Cangshui Street. The traditional-styled three-sectioned compound has a brick gate with a brick carving at the top which says “Jin Sheng Ren Ju”, meaning a saintly person’s house. The central building and both the wings are kept in good condition and have been converted into memorial halls to this general. The admission-free museum is one of youth patriotism education bases in Ningbo, where visitors have their souls purified and feel more devoted to the country.

二、天童寺的传说

天童寺

前文提到惊驾路传说时，其中一个传说与乾隆寻父有关，相传当年乾隆的生父曾于天童寺出家。正是在赶往天童寺的路上，乾隆骑的马受惊，而惊了圣驾，才有了惊驾路的路名。那么，传说中提到的天童寺究竟是何等圣地，竟能出现在与乾隆帝有关的传说之中呢？

天童寺乃宁波市的佛教圣地之一，位于宁波市东南的太白山麓。寺院坐落于风景秀丽，层峦叠嶂的太白山下，东、西、北三方有六座山峰簇拥。北宋庆历七年（公元1047年）王安石在鄞县任知县时曾游天童寺，写下《游天童寺》诗一首：村村桑拓绿浮空，春日莺啼谷口风；二十里松行欲尽，青山捧出梵王宫。其中“二十里松行欲尽，青山捧出梵王宫”形象地描绘了天童寺的美景和地理位置所在。

据《新修天童志》记载，在西晋永康元年（公元300年）天童禅寺由义兴祖师结茅开山，距今有一千七百多年的历史。传说中，当年西晋僧人义兴和尚云游到此，开山搭庐，潜心苦修。令义兴和尚感到惊奇的是，在这渺无人烟的山中有一小童每天给他送斋送水。直到寺院建成后的一天，小童向义兴和尚告辞，并解释道，他是太白金星化身而成，因为玉皇大帝见义兴和尚精进虔诚，于是派他化身成童子照顾义兴和尚，现在大功告成，他就要变回真身离去了。说完太白金星腾云而去，于是，后人便命名此山为太白山，寺为天童寺。

西晋僧人义兴在太白山脚下结茅修持，为天童寺之创始。事实上，从唐朝开始天童寺经历了几次易名。唐乾元二年（公元759年）天童寺被赐名“天童玲珑寺”；唐咸通十年（公元869年）据浙东观察使杨严奏请，天童寺敕赐“天童天寿寺”；宋景德四年（公元1007年）以年号赐作寺名“景德禅寺”；明洪武十五年（公元1382年）敕赐“天童禅寺”名。

“天童寺”在中国历史上还是颇有声名，明太祖册封天下名寺时，将“天童寺”册定为天下禅宗五山（即我国官寺制度中最高的寺院）之第二山；清代“天童寺”又与镇江“金山寺”、扬州“高旻寺”、常州“天宁寺”工程为禅宗四大丛林；1983年，被中华人民共和国国务院定为全国汉族地区佛教重点寺院之一。

“天童寺”梵音相传甚远，其与日本佛教曹洞宗有着非常深的渊源。《新修天童志》中记录，南宋嘉定十六年（公元1223年），日本僧人道元飘洋过海入宋参学，在天童寺住持曹洞宗第十三世如净和尚座下习禅三年，习得曹洞宗法后回国，在越前（今日本福井县吉田郡）建永平寺，创立了日本曹洞宗，天童寺因此成为日本曹洞宗之开祖，天童寺也被道元的后裔尊为日本曹洞宗祖庭，其后裔捐资在天童寺内建立“道元禅师得法灵迹碑”和“先觉如净禅师崇恩碑”以记这段历史因缘。

日本曹洞宗参拜团（图片来源网络）

历史悠久的天童寺继续传扬着佛教佛法，香火旺盛，梵音缭绕。 天童寺不仅是人们祈求许愿的佛教场所，也是踏春寻秋的美丽景点，天童寺的“深径回松”“清关喷雪”“双池印景”“溪涧分钟”“玲珑天凿”“太白生云”“东谷秋红”“南山晚翠”“平台铺月”“凤岗修竹”等十大胜景无不吸引人们驻足于此。

二、The Origin of Tiantong Buddhists Temple

In one of the previous stories about the origin of Jingjia Road, Emperor Qianlong during the Qing Dynasty was said to have been searching for his natural father, who he was told to have been seen at Tiantong Temple. It was on his way to the temple that his horse was shocked by the sudden appearance of an old man and that was why the road was called Jingjia (which means “to surprise his majesty”). You may be curious where the temple is and why it is so famous that it has something to do with the folklore concerning the royal family.

Tiantong Temple is a sacred place for Buddhists guarded by twin peaks on its both sides and its back at the foot of the scenic Taibai Mountains in the southeast of Ningbo. The place of pilgrimage and the mountains have been the destination for many poets, including Wang Anshi, a famous statesman during the Song Dynasty, who wrote a poem entitled “A Visit to Tiantong Temple”.

According to Records of Tiantong Restorations, the temple was initially built by Yixing, the Founder in the first year of the West Jin Dynasty (300AD) about 1,700 years ago. Local folklore has it that Monk Yixing travelled from afar and found this place a perfect location for practicing his religion. He set about building a temple here. To his amazement, a young boy would come and provide him with food and water every day here deep in the woods miles away from the nearest village. He did not know why until the day the construction of the temple was complete when the kid told him that he was the incarnation of Taibai Jinxing, messenger god in the Chinese mythology. He had been sent by Emperor Jade, the ruler in heaven, who saw how devoted Yixing was to the religion and ordered him to take care of the monk until the temple was completed. Since the job was done, he had to take his leave now. He turned into his true immortal body and rose into the sky. Hence, the locals named the mountain Taibai, the namesake of the messenger god, and the temple Tiantong, which means the Child from Heaven.

太白生烟

After its foundation by Monk Yixing, the temple has been given different names since the Tang Dynasty. It was called Tiantong Linglong (meaning exquisite) Temple in the second year of Qianyuan Reign during the Tang Dynasty (759AD) and Tiantong Tianshou (which means heavenly longevity) Temple 110 years later in the 10th year of Xiantong Reign. In the fourth year of Jingde Reign during the Song Dynasty, it was granted by the emperor the name Jingde Chan Temple, the namesake of the reign title. In 1382, it was renamed Tiantong Buddhist Temple by the emperor on the 15th year of Hongwu Reign, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty.

Tiantong Temple has enjoyed great fame for a long time since the first Ming emperor ranked it as the second among the official Top 5 Chan Buddhist Temple. During the Qing Dynasty, it was classified as one of the top four Chan Buddhist Temple, the other three being Jinshan Temple in Zhenjiang, Gaomin Temple in Yangzhou, and Tianning Temple in Changzhou. And in 1983, the Chinese Government named it as among the national key Han Buddhist Temples.learned it under the guidance of Monk Rujing, the 13th generation of Caodong school, and founded Soto school back in Japan. Tiantong therefore is considered the source of Japanese Soto school and the temple is regarded as the ancestral shrine by the successors of Dogen Zenji, who set up two monuments in memory of this event in the garden of Tiantong Temple.

天童寺山门

Tiantong Temple is not only a pilgrimage place for Buddhism followers where they can worship and pray, but a scenic attraction for tourists. It has a lot of beautiful places, including the ancient pine-lined stone passage that leads to the temple from the foot of the mountain, the Qingguan Rapids at the entrance to the temple’s yard, the double square ponds at the gate, the steam running down from the sidewall, the uncanny rocks at the nearby forest park, the sea of clouds in the mountains, and bamboo forest.

三、迎凤街的传说

水则碑老照片（图片来源网络）

水则碑近照

沿着美丽的月湖景区往北走，第一条东西向马路就是迎凤街。迎凤街西起月湖金汇小镇，东至解放南路，与北面的中山路仅隔几百米。短短的一条市区小马路，却密布着很多历史遗址，有清朝官员的家邸——银台第，有南宋丞相史浩的故居，有测量运河的水则碑……

这条马路真的迎过“凤”吗？据史料记载，凤凰应该是没有来过，但也不是因为迎接过现代人想象中的某位皇后。皇后可不像皇帝那样可以借巡游之名到处游山玩水，更何况和这条街有关的这个故事里的这位皇后还身体欠佳呢。

《宁波府志》记载：臧中立，毗陵人，客鄞，崇宁中，徽宗后病甚，中立应诏，以布衣麻履见。命之入诊，出问何证？中立对曰∶脾脉极虚，殆呕泻之疾作楚。和药以进，且曰∶服此得睡为效。至夜半，果粥食，不一月获安。赐归，诏出官帑，予地筑室南湖以居焉。

迎凤街的传说则在史记的基础上稍有拓展。据传当年宋徽宗赵佶的皇后生病了，情况危在旦夕，各个太医束手无策，皇帝也一筹莫展，只得下诏求天下名医为其治病。明州（即宁波）当时有位医中圣手，名叫臧中立，江苏常州人，虽客居在宁波，已经芳名远扬，因此应诏赴京为皇后治病。这位神医到了大内给皇后搭脉之后，就已经胸有成竹，立即对症下药。果不其然，皇后服药之后，当晚就能进食一些粥汤，也能安然入睡了。不到一月，皇后大病痊愈，真的是凤体无恙了。

按照这样的医术，臧中立完全可以留在京城当太医的，但是他一心只想回宁波当他的民间医生。皇帝遂了他的心意，赐他一处临湖的房子，有诏书为凭。这诏书上一个“允”字，气势非凡，犹如凤尾，人称“凤诏”。(其实，在古文中，皇帝的诏书都可以称为凤诏的。)这么看来，原来这里曾经迎接的并不是皇后，而是皇帝的一道诏书啊。

迎凤街地块现在成为了AAAAA级景区天一阁月湖景区的一部分。这里风景秀丽，环境优雅。宋元以来，月湖是浙东学术的中心，是官宦望族文人墨客憩息荟萃之地。唐代诗人贺知章、北宋名臣王安石、南宋宰相史浩、明末清初史学家万斯同等曾驻足于此。迎凤街不长，短短四百余米，然而走在这条幽静的街上细细品味它的悠久历史和故事，着实是一件美事。

迎凤街古宅

三、The legend of Yingfeng Street

Yingfeng (literally “to welcome a phoenix”) Street, parallel to Zhongshan Road to its north, is adjacent to the northern shore of the Moon Lake in Ningbo, starting from Jinhui pedestrian precinct to the west and ending at the crossing with South Jiefang Road to the east. The narrow urban street, though no match for the city arteries in terms of length, threads a bunch of historical sites, including the Mansion of Yintai, which is the official residence of Tong Hua, a minister in charge of proposals and complaints for the Emperor Jiaqing (1760 – 1820 AD) in the Qing dynasty, the former residence of Shi Hao, a prime minister during the Southern Song Dynasty (1127–1279 AD), and Shuize Stele, a stone slab for measuring the water level of the local stretch of the Grand Canal of China.

Has this place really been visited by a feng, or a phoenix, an imagined queen of all birds in Chinese myths, as the name suggests? Or by an empress, since feng can also mean an emperor’s wife? Historical records seem to suggest: neither. For the spouse of

迎凤街

an imperial ruler in ancient China was never as free to travel around as her husband who might often do it in the name of researches or examinations in person. However, there is some reference to an empress in the origin of the street; only her Majesty in the story was surely too ill to journey afar to Ningbo.

The tale goes that the wife of Emperor Huizong of Song (1082 –1135 AD) fell sick but none of the imperial physicians could find a cure. The concerned sovereign had to send out a decree looking for the best doctors all over the country. There was a superb medical expert named Zang Zhongli in Mingzhou, as Ningbo used to be called. Zang, though not a native of the city, was well known among the locals for his expertise and was therefore commanded to go to the capital to treat the royal patient. After measuring the pulse of the hostess of the imperial palace, he diagnosed the disease and prescribed some herbs. The empress, after taking the medicine, was able to eat some thin gruel and get some sleep that night. Within a month, she was restored to health.

Such medical skills could have won him a permanent post as an imperial physician in the palace, but Zang insisted on going back to Ningbo. His request was granted by the emperor, who also awarded him a lakeside house in this coastal city. Zang’s right to the property was guaranteed with an official document on which His Highness had written a character 允, or “permission”. This royal certificate was called Fengzhao, literally “Feng Decree”, for, as one theory suggests, people likened the emperor’s impressive calligraphy on the paper to a feng, the most beautiful Chinese mythological bird. Another speculation argues that fengzhao in classical Chinese literature means any decree or document by an emperor. Either way, it was not the arrival of an emperor’s wife but of his handwriting that Yingfeng Street might have witnessed.

Today, the street has become part of the National AAAAA-level Tourist Attraction, Tianyi Pavilion Museum and Moon Lake. The lake has been the intellectual hub of Eastern Zhejiang and leisure center for the government officials, celebrities and scholars. It has been visited by famous figures in the history, including He Zhizhang, a distinguished poet during the Tang Dynasty, Wang Anshi, a famous prime minister and scholar during the North Song Dynasty, Shi Hao, a prime minister during the South Song Dynasty, and Wan Sitong, an early Qing period historian. It is enjoyment to walk along this quiet short street, only about a quarter of a mile long, and meditate on the long history of the place.

课题编号：18ZC02

课题名称：宁波地名史话传说汉英双语读本

课题负责人：李凤萍

工作单位：宁波大学科学技术学院