HSP ｜ 高度敏感者

HSP | 高度敏感者

Marwa Azab Psychology心理探寻 Today

目录：

1. HSP量表

2. 案例研究

3. HSP的大脑先天不同

4. 高度敏感的五个优势

5. 五种诅咒

6. 如何充分善用自己的高度敏感性

7. 尊重：与超级敏感者相处的关键。

8. 如何对待超敏感人群

What does highly sensitive really mean? Is “Highly Sensitive Person” a scientific term?

As it turns out, there is research on this innate trait of high sensitivity. The scientific term is “sensory-processing sensitivity” (SPS). Highly sensitive people are born that way; it is not something they learned.

As children, they might be described by teachers as shy or inhibited, especially in Western countries. As adults, they might be described as introverts. It is important to note that not all sensitive people are shy or introverts. In fact, 30 percent of HSPs are thought to be extroverts.

高度敏感究竟是指什么？“高度敏感者”是否是一个科学术语？

实际上，是有对高敏感度这种内在特征的研究的。科学术语是“感官处理敏感性”（SPS）。高度敏感者天生如此，而非后天习得。

孩提时期，他们可能会被老师们描述为害羞或者拘谨，尤其是在西方国家。成年后，他们可能会被描述为内向者。

但需要指出的是，并非所有敏感者都害羞或内向。实际上，30%的 HSP（高度敏感者）被认为是外向者。

HSP scales for adults and children have been developed and used in research. A commonly used scale contains 27 diverse but strongly interrelated items.

已经有适于成人和孩子的HSP量表被应用于研究活动中。一个常用的量表中包含27项各不相同却又密切关联的衡量标准。

QUESTIONNAIRE (HSP Scale)

HSP 量表

INSTRUCTIONS: This questionnaire is completely anonymous and confidential. Answer each question according to the way you personally feel, using the following scale:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Not at All Moderately Extremely

指导：本问卷完全匿名、机密。根据你的个人感受，使用以下代表不同程度的数字，回答以下问题：

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

（完全不→中度→极度）

____ 1. Are you easily overwhelmed by strong sensory input?

是否容易被强烈感官接收信息压倒？

____ 2. Do you seem to be aware of subtleties in your environment?

是否会觉察到周围环境的细微之处？

____ 3. Do other people’s moods affect you?

其他人的情绪是否会影响你？

____ 4. Do you tend to be more sensitive to pain?

是否对疼痛更敏感？

____ 5. Do you find yourself needing to withdraw during busy days, into bed or into a darkened room or any place where you can have some privacy and relief from stimulation?

忙碌的日子，是否发现自己需要从中抽身，躺到床上，或呆在一个黑暗的房间，或任何其他可以独处或暂时逃离刺激物的地方？

____ 6. Are you particularly sensitive to the effects of caffeine?

对咖啡因的效果是否尤其敏感？

____ 7. Are you easily overwhelmed by things like bright lights, strong smells, coarse fabrics, or sirens close by?

是否极其易于受到亮光、强烈气味、粗糙织物或附近车笛声的刺激？

____ 8. Do you have a rich, complex inner life?

内心世界是否丰富复杂？

____ 9. Are you made uncomfortable by loud noises?

很响的噪音是否会让你感觉不适？

___ 10. Are you deeply moved by the arts or music?

艺术或音乐是否会深深触动你？

___ 11. Does your nervous system sometimes feel so frazzled that you just have to go off by yourself?

你的神经系统是否有时感到十分疲惫，以至于 你需要一个人找地方静一静？

___ 12. Are you conscientious?

你是否认真勤勉一丝不苟？

___ 13. Do you startle easily?

是否很容易受惊？

___ 14. Do you get rattled when you have a lot to do in a short amount of time?

当短时间内需要做很多事情，你是否感到焦躁不安？

___ 15. When people are uncomfortable in a physical environment do you tend to know what needs to be done to make it more comfortable (like changing the lighting or the seating)?

当在某一环境中人们感到不适时，你是否常常知道需要怎么做才能让该环境更舒适？（比如更改灯光或座位等）？

___ 16. Are you annoyed when people try to get you to do too many things at once?

当人们试图让你一次做很多事情时，你是否感到生气？

___ 17. Do you try hard to avoid making mistakes or forgetting things?

你是否努力避免犯错或努力避免遗忘事情？

___ 18. Do you make a point to avoid violent movies and TV shows?

你是否会刻意避免暴力电影或电视节目？

___ 19. Do you become unpleasantly aroused when a lot is going on around you?

当周围发生很多事情时，是否会唤起你的负面反应？

___ 20. Does being very hungry create a strong reaction in you, disrupting your concentration or mood?

极度饥饿是否会让你产生强烈反应，扰乱你的注意力或情绪？

___ 21. Do changes in your life shake you up?

生活中的变化是否会让你不安？

___ 22. Do you notice and enjoy delicate or fine scents, tastes, sounds, works of art?

你是否会注意到并欣赏一些精致微妙的气味、味道、声音或艺术品？

___ 23. Do you find it unpleasant to have a lot going on at once?

你是否不喜欢有很多事情一起发生？

___ 24. Do you make it a high priority to arrange your life to avoid upsetting or overwhelming situations?

你是否非常重视去安排生活，以避免不悦或难以承受之情形发生？

___ 25. Are you bothered by intense stimuli, like loud noises or chaotic scenes?

你是否不喜欢强烈刺激物，如高声噪音或嘈杂场景等？

___ 26. When you must compete or be observed while performing a task, do you become so nervous or shaky that you do much worse than you would otherwise?

当你在开展一项任务时必须要竞争，或在别人关注之下开展，你是否会变得紧张或不稳定，以至于你的表现会比正常状况下差很多？

___ 27. When you were a child, did parents or teachers seem to see you as sensitive or shy?

你童年时期，你的父母或老师是否会觉得你敏感或害羞？

HSP Scale © 1997 E. Aron (For additional information see Aron & Aron, JPSP, 1997 or email aron@ic.sunysb.edu)

A case study of a young female who would be classified as an HSP:

案例研究：

“Fatima likes to throw herself in the arms of nature. She experiences the blueness of the oceans like nobody else. As she walks, she feels like trees bend just a little to talk to her. Mountains provide her with a sense of greatness like there is something out there much bigger than humans.

Fatima喜欢置身于大自然之中，海洋的蔚蓝能够带给她完全异于他人的体验。当她走在路上时，她感觉树都在略微俯身跟她交谈。山峦让她感到一种伟大感，仿佛在人类之外，还有某种更宏大之物。

When she enters a room, she is the first to notice odors, subtle sounds, and startles easily. When she watches TV series, she immerses herself in each of the characters. It takes her days to recalibrate her sense of self after watching a movie or reading a book.

当她进入一个房间时，她会第一个觉察到气味和细微声音而且易于受惊。当她看电视时，她会自动代入每个角色，在看完一部影片或一本书后，她总是会需要数天时间重新找回自我。

She is an amazing teacher. However, when the principal observes her class, she gets overwhelmed and delivers her worst performance. The week before her menstrual cycle, she is very focused on her pelvic pain, and PMS causes her to be irritable, have foggy brain, and make poor decisions.

She is very conscientious, wants to avoid making mistakes at all costs. She is guarded around people so that she does not say anything wrong, which would make her very anxious. At the same time, she easily gets affected by others’ moods and stories.”

她是一个出色的老师，但是，当校长听课时，她会感到极大压力，表现会极差。月经周期之前的一周，她会非常关注她的盆骨痛，经期综合征让她易怒、大脑混沌，做出糟糕决策。

Researchers linked this trait to positive qualities but also to mental illnesses.

研究人员认为这一性格不仅与一些积极品质有关联，同时也与精神疾病有关联。

It is not surprising that this trait is found in artists, poets and is linked to giftedness, creativity, and empathy. At the same time, an HSP is at a higher risk of depression and other mental illnesses. They are also at a higher risk of burnout because they get easily overwhelmed. This is why it is critical to know if you are an HSP, so you can seek out relationships and environments that make you shine (see the last section).

并不令人惊奇，这种特征可见于一些艺术家和诗人，而且与天赋、创造力和同理心相关联。同时，一位HSP患抑郁症和其他精神疾病的风险也要更高一些。由于他们易于被冲击压垮，因此他们 Burnout（燃尽、职业倦怠）的风险也更高。因此，知道自己是否是HSP至关重要，这样你就可以找到能够让自己大放异彩的人际关系和环境。

The brain of an HSP is different

HSP的大脑先天不同

There are biological reasons for all the components of this trait. An HSP’s brain is wired differently and the nervous system is highly sensitive with a lower threshold for action . This hyper-excitability contributes to increased emotional reactivity, a lower threshold for sensory information (e.g. bothered by noise, or too much light), and increased awareness of subtleties (e.g. quick to notice odors).

There are also changes at the macro brain level. The areas associated with this trait greatly overlap with the brain areas that support empathy! Also, they have a hyperactive insula, which explains their heightened awareness of their inner emotional states and bodily sensations. This hyperactivity explains their sensitivity to pain, hunger, and caffeine.

There is also some recent evidence that this trait is related to the infamous 5-HTLPR gene (serotonin gene), implicated in many psychological conditions, such as depression。

该特征的所有方面，都是存在生理原因的。一位HSP的大脑结构先天不同，其神经系统动作阈值更低，敏感度更高。这种超级易于兴奋的特征导致了更大的情绪反应、更低的感官信息阈值（如，会受到噪音或太多光亮的困扰），以及对细微事物更强的敏锐度（很快察觉到气味等。）

大脑整体也会发生变化。与该特征相关的区域与负责同理心的大脑区域高度重叠。另外，他们的脑岛高度活跃，这也是为什么他们对内部情感状态和身体感官感受更敏锐。这种高度活跃解释了他们对疼痛、饥饿和咖啡因的敏感。另外也有一些近期的证据显示，该特征与臭名昭著的5-HTLPR基因（血清素基因）也有关联，这一基因对很多心理疾病，如抑郁症等都有影响。

The top five gifts of being highly sensitive

高度敏感的五个优势

1. Sensory detail/细微感官信息

One of the prominent “virtues” of high sensitivity is the richness of sensory detail that life provides. The subtle shades of texture in clothing, and foods when cooking, the sounds of music or even traffic or people talking, fragrances and colors of nature. All of these may be more intense for highly sensitive people.

Of course, people are not simply “sensitive” or “not sensitive” — like other qualities and traits, it’s a matter of degree.

高度敏感的一个显著优势，就是感官详细信息的丰富程度。衣服质地的细微差别，所烹饪的食物，音乐、甚至交通或人们的交谈、香味以及大自然的色彩等，这些对高度敏感者而言可能都会更强烈。

当然，人们并非只是简单的敏感或不敏感，同其他特征一样，这也是分为不同程度的。

2. Nuances in meaning/含义的微妙差别

The trait of high sensitivity also includes a strong tendency to be aware of nuances in meaning, and to be more cautious about taking action, and to more carefully consider options and possible outcomes.

高度敏感者同时还极易于觉察到含义中的微妙差别，而且在采取行动时会更加谨慎，会更小心考虑各种选项和可能的结果。

3. Emotional awareness/情绪感知

We also tend to be more aware of our inner emotional states, which can make for richer and more profound creative work as writers, musicians, actors or other artists.

A greater response to pain, discomfort, and physical experience can mean sensitive people have the potential, at least, to take better care of their health.

我们还会更敏锐觉察到我们的内部情绪状态，这样，对于作家、音乐家、演员或其他艺术家而言，就能够让他们创作出更丰富、更深刻的作品。

对疼痛、不适和其他身体体验的更强烈反应，意味着敏感者至少具有能够更好照顾自己健康的潜力。

4. Creativity/创造性

Psychologist Elaine Aron, author of The Highly Sensitive Person, estimates about twenty percent of people are highly sensitive, and seventy percent of those are introverted, which is a trait that can also encourage creativity.

As examples, there are many actors who say they are shy, and director Kathryn Bigelow, who recently won an Academy Award, has said, “I’m kind of very shy by nature.”

心理学家、《The Highly Sensitive Person》作者 Elaine Aron 估计约有20%的人群是高度敏感的，其中70%是内向者。内向也是可以促进创造力的一种性格特征。

例如，有很多演员都表示自己很害羞。最近的奥斯卡金像奖获奖者 Kathryn Bigelow 导演曾说道：我天生就非常害羞。

5. Greater empathy/更强的同理心

High sensitivity to other people’s emotions can be a powerful asset for teachers, managers, therapists and others.

对别人的情绪高度敏感，会是老师、管理者、心理医生以及其他职业人群的有力优势。

Five curses

五种诅咒

1. Easily overwhelmed, overstimulated/易于被压垮、被过度刺激

The biggest challenge in high sensitivity is probably being vulnerable to sensory or emotional overwhelm. Taking in and processing so much information from both inner and outer worlds can be “too much” at times and result in more pain, fatigue, stress, anxiety and other reactions.

高度敏感性的最大挑战可能是极易于受到感官信息或情绪的冲击。从内部和外部世界接收并处理如此多的信息，有时会让人难以应付，导致更大痛苦、疲惫、压力、焦虑和其他反应。

2. Affected by emotions of others/受到别人情绪的影响

Another aspect of sensitivity can be reacting to the emotions — and perhaps thoughts — of others. Being in the vicinity of angry people, for example, can be more distressing.

敏感性的另一后果是，会对他人的情绪或想法产生反应。比如，处于愤怒之人身边，会造成更强烈的焦虑痛苦感。

3. Need lots of space and time to ourselves/需要更多个人空间和时间

We may need to “retreat” and emotionally “refresh” ourselves at times that are not always best for our goals or personal growth. For example, being at a professional development conference, it may not be the most helpful thing to leave a long presentation or workshop in order to recuperate from the emotional intensity of the crowd.

我们可能需要时不时地“撤退”、情感上“刷新”自己，而这有时对我们的目标或个人成长并非最有利选择。例如，在一个职业发展会议上，离开冗长演讲或研讨会，逃离那种情感强度，这对个人而言可能并非最有益之行为。

4. Unhealthy perfectionism/不健康的完美主义

There can also be qualities of thinking or analyzing that lead to unhealthy perfectionism, or stressful responses to objects, people or situations that are “too much” or “wrong” for our sensitivities.

另外也可能会有某种思考或分析习惯会导致不健康完美主义，或者因一些事物、一些人或者一些对我们的敏感程度而言过于强烈或不适合的情形而产生高强度压力。

5. Living out of sync with our culture/与文化格格不入

Living in a culture that devalues sensitivity and introversion as much as the U.S. means there are many pressures to be “normal” — meaning extroverted, sociable and outgoing.

Dr. Ted Zeff, author of The Highly Sensitive Person’s Survival Guide, points out that other cultures, such as Thailand, have different attitudes, with a strong appreciation of sensitive or introverted people.

Jenna Avery, a “life coach for sensitive souls,” counsels people to accept or even pursue being “out of sync” with mainstream society, and be aware of other’s judgments of people as too sensitive, too emotional, or too dramatic.

And if we are sensitive, we may use those kinds of judgments against ourselves, and think, “Maybe I’m too sensitive for this world.”

Certainly, there are extremes of emotions that are considered mood disorders, for example, and should be dealt with as a health challenge.

But “too emotional” or “too sensitive” are usually criticisms based on majority behavior and standards.

Overall, I think being highly sensitive is a trait we can embrace and use to be more creative and aware. But it demands taking care to live strategically, even outside popular values, to avoid overwhelm so we can better nurture our abilities and creative talents.

生活在一个像美国一样如此贬低敏感和内向性格的文化之中，意味着有很多压力让人变得“正常”——即，活泼外向、善于社交等。

《高度敏感者生存指南》作者 Ted Zeff博士指出，在其他文化中，如泰国，则有着不同的态度，它们很欣赏内向和敏感人群。

Jenna Avery，一位“敏感灵魂人生导师”建议人们接受、或者甚至追求与主流社会格格不入，而且注意到别人对人们做出的“太敏感”、“太情绪化”或者“太戏剧化”等评判。

而且，如果我们自身很敏感，我们可能会将这些评判用于自我攻击，会想：可能我对这个世界而言太过于敏感了。

当然，的确是有一些被视为情绪障碍、应该被作为健康挑战而去应对的极端化情绪。

但“太情绪化”或“太敏感”通常是基于大多数人行为和标准而做出的批评。

整体而言，我认为高度敏感是一种我们可以坦然接受、可以利用其使自己变得更具创意、更具觉察力的性格特征。但这需要努力战略性规划生活，即使脱离大众价值观，以避免被压垮，从而使我们鞥能够更好地培养我们的能力和创造才华。

How to make the most of your high sensitivity

如何充分善用自己的高度敏感性

· Reduce the number of intense stimuli in your environment.

· Limit the number of tasks when multi-tasking.

· Avoid burnout by noticing early warning signs, such as feeling overwhelmed and anxious.

· Get your thoughts and deep emotions on paper so that they won’t cloud your brain.

· Try mindfulness meditation, especially to deal with high sensitivity to pain. This will teach you to acknowledge pain as the sum of sensations suspended from the label of pain.

· Take advantage of your creativity: Draw, color or write.

· Take advantage of your predisposition for higher empathy to strengthen relationships—to become a better co-worker, and to assure your self-worth.

· Be comfortable in your sensitive skin. Own it and never be ashamed of it.

· Be honest about your predisposition to be an HSP, especially in close relationships. But don’t forget to highlight the positive aspects: more empathy, deep thinker, able to see things from a different perspective, appreciation of arts and music, and others’ positive qualities.

1. 减少周围环境中的强烈刺激物数量
2. 同时开展多项任务时，限制任务数量
3. 仔细觉察 burnout（燃尽、职业倦怠）的早期迹象，比如感到难以承受或焦虑等
4. 把想法和深层情绪写下来，避免大脑一团乱。
5. 尝试正念冥想，尤其是对疼痛高度敏感之时。这样，会将疼痛视为疼痛标签之下悬挂的所有感觉总和。
6. 利用自己的创造力：绘画、涂色或写作
7. 利用自己更强的同理心天性去巩固人际关系——成为更好的同事，保障自我价值。
8. 安于自己的敏感性格。认可它，绝不要以其为耻。
9. 坦白承认自己的高度敏感天性，尤其在密切关系之中。但不要忘记强调这种天性的积极方面：更强同理心、深度思考者、能够以不同视角看待事物、对艺术和音乐的鉴赏力以及能够欣赏到别人的正面品质。

Respect: the key to interacting with hypersensitive people

尊重：与超级敏感者相处的关键。

Becoming angry or excluding a person is not an appropriate reaction to not understanding the way another person behaves or lives their life. It is also not acceptable to make fun of someone for those reasons, or to do certain things to provoke their intense reactions or unusual behavior. Though this may seem entertaining to some people, it can make a hypersensitive person truly suffer and can have a huge impact on their self-esteem. Many hypersensitive people become shy and introverted because of this.

If you live with or spend a lot of time with a hypersensitive person, their reactions may be charged with negativity. Try asking them what it is that you do to provoke that reaction, and what you can do to help them to avoid these extreme reactions.

It is not that person’s fault that they are so sensitive. Their sensitivity is a condition and a reality. Just as we might feel pain if someone pinches us, or if we prick our fingers with a needle.

In any case, respecting the way in which hypersensitive people feel and perceive their environment is the key to interacting with them, building a healthy relationships, and fostering a friendly environment for everybody.

如果仅仅因为不理解一个人的行为方式或生活方式就感到愤怒或排斥该人，这是不当的。

因为上述原因嘲笑这些人，或做一些特定的事去刻意激发他们的强烈反应或不正常行为，也是不合理的。

尽管这似乎对一些人而言很有趣，但却会让一个超级敏感者真的备受折磨，而且自尊受到巨大影响。很多超级敏感者之所以变得害羞或内向，正是因为如此。

如果你与一位超级敏感者生活在一起，或者会很长时间待在一起，他们可能会表现出各种负面的反应。主动询问究竟你的何种行为引发了他们的那种反应，以及如何可以帮助他们避免这些极端反应。

他们如此敏感并非他们本身的错。他们的敏感是一种症状、一种客观现实。就像是当别人掐我们、我们用针刺手指，我们会感到疼痛一样。

总而言之，尊重超级敏感者感受、看待他们所处环境的方式，是与他们互动、建立健康关系、以及为所有人建立友好氛围的关键。

How to treat hypersensitive people

如何对待超敏感人群

Applying this principle of respect is not always easy, especially when highly sensitive people are so used to not be treated fairly or respectfully. This means that they may be predisposed to becoming even more sensitive each time they are faced with a lack of understanding by the people with whom they coexist.

The following tips will help you with how to treat hypersensitive people. They will also help you learn how to take care of them and help them through events or situations that cause them to suffer, even if you do not understand or could not even imagine how they feel.

践行尊重原则并非总是易事，尤其当高度敏感人群已如此习惯被不公平对待或不被尊重。这意味着每次他们遇到周围缺乏理解之人时，他们可能会易于变得更加敏感。

下述注意事项会帮助你了解如何对待超级敏感人群，另外还有助于让你了解应如何照顾他们、帮助他们渡过让他们受折磨的事情或情形，即使你根本不理解或甚至根本无法想象他们的感受。

1. Speak softly and avoid loud noises

柔声说话、避免噪音

It may seem obvious, but we are often not aware of the volume of our voice when talking, or the noise made by appliances or electronic devices around us, or the noise we make in general as we move about. Respecting others implies something as basic as controlling the intensity of sounds.

When we make lots of noise and speak at high volume, we invade the personal space of others. We create a climate that is predisposed to negativity and abrupt reactions, a climate in which dialogue and empathy are no longer an option.

When loud noises bother us, we are not able to think clearly and our emotions start to dominate our rational mind. This happens to everyone, hypersensitive or not. The difference is that those who have extreme sensitivity react differently and show more signs of irritation or frustration even before the actual stimulant happens.

这可能似乎是显而易见的道理，但我们通常意识不到我们说话时的声音，或我们周围电气或电子设备发出的噪音，或是我们四处走动时所制造的各种噪音。尊重他人，意味着一些基本的事情，比如控制我们的声音强度。

当我们制造很多噪音，或高声说话时，我们实际侵入了他人空间。我们营造了一种易于产生负面和突然反应的氛围，在这种氛围中，对话和同理心很难存在。

当高声噪音困扰我们时，我们无法清晰思考，我们的情绪开始主宰我们的理性思维。这对任何人都是如此，无论是否是超级敏感者。区别在于，有着极端敏感性的人会做出不同反应，而且甚至会在实际刺激物出现或发生之前，就表现出生气或受挫迹象。

2. Don’t think of them as a complainer

不要将他们视为爱抱怨的人

If there is one thing that really bothers hypersensitive people, it is being accused of being a complainer. These people react just like you when something bothers them. The difference is, as already mentioned, they are able to perceive the thing that bothers them beforehand, and to a greater degree.

Don’t just the other person for their complaints, but rather think about what you can do to avoid irritating them or how you can create a calming environment.

如果有一件真的很困扰超级敏感者的事，那就是被指责爱抱怨。你受到打扰，你也会做出反应，超级敏感者也同样如此。只是区别在于，正如上面所提到的，他们能够提前觉察到会困扰他们的事情，而且感受程度更高。

不要因为他们的抱怨而评判他们，而是想一下你可以怎样避免惹怒他们，或者如何创造一个令人镇静的环境。

3. Ask them to tell you what bothers them

询问他们因何而困扰

It can be hard to know what bothers and affects hypersensitive people. Try to be understanding and reach out to help them. Ask them kindly to explain to you what bothers them. Furthermore, ask them what you can do to avoid these triggers if it isn’t immediately apparent.

A hypersensitive person also should know that they perceive the world differently than others, but it is important for them to know that you are thinking of them and do not want to cause them irritation. They will most likely realize that whatever you do that does bother them is not done with the intention of bothering them.

很难知道哪些事物会困扰影响超级敏感者。努力理解对方、主动帮助对方。礼貌询问他们因何而困扰。如果这些困扰源暂时还不明显，也可以更进一步询问他们你如何能够避免这些触发要素。

一个超级敏感者应该知道他们看待这个世界的方式是异于他人的，但让他们知道你在为他们着想，不想刺激他们，这一点很重要。最可能的结果是，他们会意识到不管你做了什么困扰到他们的事，你都并非故意。

4. Respect their time and space

尊重他们的时间和空间

Humans adapt to their environment. It is a fundamental rule of survival. However, we don’t all do it in the same way. Hypersensitive people also develop their own way of adapting to circumstances. Just like every other person, each individual develops their own unique way.

In any case, hypersensitive people develop their own way to adapt, and many of them do their best to live a normal life. However, they need their own time and space to do so. By respecting this time and space that they need, it will be easier for everyone to adapt.

人们会适应环境，这是基本生存法则。但我们的适应方式却并不相同。超级敏感者也形成了他们自己的适应客观环境的方式。正如其他每个人一样，每个个体都有着自己独特的适应方式。

无论如何，超级敏感者有着自己的适应方式，而且很多都在尽己所能去实现正常生活。但他们需要自己的时间和空间来做这些事。尊重他们所需的时间和空间，会让每个人都更容易适应各自周围环境。

5. Don’t instigate conversations about delicate topics

不要挑起关于敏感话题的对话

Topics like politics and religion are sensitive subjects. When a conversation begins involving one of these, it usually does not take long to turn into an argument.

Participating in conversations like these can be a very delicate situation for hypersensitive people. Therefore, it is best not to become entangled in this kind of interaction with hypersensitive people. It will end up affecting them more than it may affect other people.

It is important to keep in mind that hypersensitive people may also have their own set of sensitive subjects. This will depend on the individual. Therefore, it is important to figure out which subjects may be delicate ones, and learn to identify the signs that a conversation may be getting uncomfortable.

政治和宗教等话题时敏感话题。当一段谈话开始涉及这些内容时，通常不需要很久就会变为一场争论。

参与这类谈话对于超级敏感者而言可能会非常棘手。因此，最好不要与超级敏感者卷入这类互动之中，否则，会对他们造成高于其他人的影响。

需要记住，超级敏感者可能也有着他们自己的一些敏感话题，人人各异。因此，需要知道哪些话题可能会很敏感，并且学会识别话题开始令人不适时的迹象。

6. Watch the details

关注细节

Sensitive people are highly observant. By observing small details, they are able to make sense of the world. Details that may seem insignificant to everyone else may be very significant for a highly sensitive person. Watching and taking note of little details will allow you to empathize more with highly sensitive people. You will be able to show more understanding and help them feel better.

敏感者有着高度敏锐观察力。通过观察细微细节，他们能够更好地理解这个世界。对于其他人无足轻重的细节，对于一位高度敏感者可能意义非凡。观察并注意细微细节，有助于你更好地与高度敏感者建立共情。你也能够更理解对方，帮助他们感觉好起来。

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