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《七》主谓一致
主谓一致指主语和谓语在“人称”和”数“方面的一致关系。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则。
- 不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应视为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；但如果主语为and连接的两个不定式、动名词以及从句时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Reading often means learning.
阅读常意味着学习。
To read English aloud every morning does you a lot of good.
每天早晨朗读英语有许多好处。
Having enough sleep and doing regular exercises are beneficial to your health.
睡眠充足和经常运动有益健康。
- 当主语由and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，此时and连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The composer and singer was well received by the audience.
那个作曲家兼歌手受到了听众的认可。
- 由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each，every，many a(n)，no时，谓语动词用单数。
Each book and (each) paper is found in its place.
每本书和每份报纸各居其位。
No teacher and (no) student was here.
没有一个老师和学生在这里。
- each，every，each and every，either，neither，one，another，little，a little和much作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder.
我们每一个人都有一台录音机。
*注意：“复数主语+each”之后用复数动词。
Five each of these items are required.
这些条款中，这五项每项都是必须的。
We each have our merits.=We have our merits each.
我们每个人都各有其优点。
- everyone，everybody，everything，anyone，anybody，anything，someone，somebody，something，no one，nobody，nothing作主语时，用单数动词。
There is something wrong with my watch.
我的表有问题。
Anyone but you is welcome.
除了你，任何人都受欢迎。
- none，some，any，more，all等代词作主语时，动词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right.
所有的都对。
All are present.
全都到齐了。
- “all，none，most，majority，part，enough，some，one half，the rest，the remainder+of…”短语，或者more than…作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式通常由所修饰的名词、代词的数决定。
When enough of the tree is chopped away, the falls.
如果一棵树砍去足够多的部分，树就会倒下。
Enough of the data have been colleted.
已经收集了足够多的数据。（data为datum的复数形式）
More than one person is going to lose his job.
不止一个人会失去工作。
More than 500 people are going to lose their jobs.
500多人会失去工作。
- 当中心词为度量、距离、时间、价格等复数名词时，谓语动词采用单数形式。
Two miles is a short distance.
两英里路很近。
- 一般来说，不可数名词及可数名词单数的谓语动词用单数，可数名词复数的谓语用动词复数，但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
去年生产了1万吨煤。
- 当主语后面跟有including，with，together with，along with，like，in addition to，as well as，rather than，as much as，more than，no less than，but，expect，accompanied by等连接的短语时，谓语动词不受这些词组的影响，与前面的主语一致。
He as well as I wants to go boating.
他和我都想去划船。
An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.
一位专家和几位助手被派去协助这项工作。
- 在定语从句中，若引导词在从句中充当主语，谓语的数要跟先行词一致。
There is somebody here who wants to talk to you.
这里有人要和你说话。
- 当or，either…or，neither…nor，not only…but also连接两个以上主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here，there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go.
你或她要去。
Neither he nor they were late last time.
他上次没有迟到，他们也没有迟到。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
这是给你的一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
桌子上有一支笔、一把刀和几本书。
- 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
《一千零一夜》是英语爱好者熟知的一本书。
- “the+形容词”作主语时，代表单数名词时用单数动词；如果意义指一类人，则应视为复数，谓语动词也应该用复数。
In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are doomed to unfortunate.
在许多故事里，好人总是有好报；坏人注定要倒霉。
- 疑问代词which作主语时，其动词是单数还是复数根据which所指的单复数而定；但who作主语时，即使被问者是复数，通常也用单数动词。
Which is more valuable, health or wealth?
健康和财富，哪个更宝贵？
Which are prettier, these or those?
哪些更漂亮，这些还是那些？
-Who wants to come with me? -We do.
谁要跟我一起去？我们。
比较：Who are her roommates?
她的室友是谁？（主语是复数roommates，不是who）
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