大数据之Hive安装配置「建议收藏」

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hive默认将元数据存储到本地内嵌的Derby数据库中，但是Derby不支持多会话链接，因此我们使用mysql数据库来存储hive的元数据。配置完成hiveSQL的元数据库之后再开始安装、配置hive。

1、在线安装mysql

安装命令为

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

当出现下面提示选择的时候输入y 同意继续安装

hduser@master:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Reading package lists… Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information… Done

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:

linux-headers-4.13.0-36 linux-headers-4.13.0-36-generic

linux-headers-4.13.0-41 linux-headers-4.13.0-41-generic

linux-image-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-4.13.0-41-generic

linux-image-extra-4.13.0-36-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-41-generic

Use ‘sudo apt autoremove’ to remove them.

The following additional packages will be installed:

libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7

mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server-5.7 mysql-server-core-5.7

Suggested packages:

libipc-sharedcache-perl mailx tinyca

The following NEW packages will be installed:

libaio1 libevent-core-2.0-5 libhtml-template-perl mysql-client-5.7

mysql-client-core-5.7 mysql-common mysql-server mysql-server-5.7

mysql-server-core-5.7

0 upgraded, 9 newly installed, 0 to remove and 101 not upgraded.

Need to get 18.1 MB of archives.

After this operation, 161 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y

然后安装继续执行，输出如下内容，完成安装。中间会有让设置root密码提示，输入密码按向下的方向键确认，然后再输入一次确认密码

Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-common all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [15.4 kB]

Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libaio1 amd64 0.3.110-2 [6,356 B]

Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [6,425 kB]

Get:4 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-client-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [1,673 kB]

Get:5 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-core-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [7,268 kB]

Get:6 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libevent-core-2.0-5 amd64 2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1 [70.6 kB]

Get:7 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server-5.7 amd64 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [2,583 kB]

Get:8 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libhtml-template-perl all 2.95-2 [60.4 kB]

Get:9 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 mysql-server all 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 [10.8 kB]

Fetched 18.1 MB in 1min 56s (155 kB/s)

Preconfiguring packages …

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-common.

(Reading database … 285825 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack …/mysql-common_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb …

Unpacking mysql-common (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Selecting previously unselected package libaio1:amd64.

Preparing to unpack …/libaio1_0.3.110-2_amd64.deb …

Unpacking libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) …

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-core-5.7.

Preparing to unpack …/mysql-client-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb …

Unpacking mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-client-5.7.

Preparing to unpack …/mysql-client-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb …

Unpacking mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-core-5.7.

Preparing to unpack …/mysql-server-core-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb …

Unpacking mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Selecting previously unselected package libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64.

Preparing to unpack …/libevent-core-2.0-5_2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb …

Unpacking libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) …

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …

Setting up mysql-common (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server-5.7.

(Reading database … 285993 files and directories currently installed.)

Preparing to unpack …/mysql-server-5.7_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_amd64.deb …

Unpacking mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Selecting previously unselected package libhtml-template-perl.

Preparing to unpack …/libhtml-template-perl_2.95-2_all.deb …

Unpacking libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) …

Selecting previously unselected package mysql-server.

Preparing to unpack …/mysql-server_5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1_all.deb …

Unpacking mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) …

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) …

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) …

Setting up libaio1:amd64 (0.3.110-2) …

Setting up mysql-client-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Setting up mysql-client-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Setting up mysql-server-core-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Setting up libevent-core-2.0-5:amd64 (2.0.21-stable-2ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Setting up mysql-server-5.7 (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode

Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)

Setting up libhtml-template-perl (2.95-2) …

Setting up mysql-server (5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1) …

Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu10) …

Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.1) …

Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) …

使用如下命令登录MySQL服务器。在提示输入密码的地方输入刚才设置的root密码

hduser@master:/etc/network$ mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 4

Server version: 5.7.22-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 (Ubuntu)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;

+——————–+

| Database |

+——————–+

| information_schema |

| mysql |

| performance_schema |

| sys |

+——————–+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

2、在Mysql中创建hive元数据数据库

创建hive数据库

mysql> create database hive;

将hive数据库的所有权限赋给hive用户

mysql> create user ‘hive’@’%’ identified by ‘hive’;

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to ‘hive’@’%’ with grant option;

mysql>flush privileges;

mysql> use hive;

mysql> select user,host,password from mysql.user;

注：在ubuntu中，默认情况下MySQL只允许本底登陆，所以需要修改配置文件将地址绑定注释掉

sudo vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

#bind-address = 127.0.0.1 #注释掉

3、安装hive

下载最新稳定版hive

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hive/hive-2.3.3/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz

上传到master节点的/home/hduser/Downloads目录下

解压

tar -zxvf Downloads/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin.tar.gz

更改安装文件名称

hduser@master:~$ mv apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/ ./hive

hduser@master:~$

配置用户环境变量

vim ~/.bashrc

在文件末尾添加如下内容

#HIVE

export HIVE_HOME=/home/hduser/hive

export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin

最后重新导入环境变量

source ~/.bashrc

注：通过source方法只是临时重置了系统环境变量，若想系统环境变量永久生效重启是不错的方法

4、配置hive参数

配置hive-site.xml

<?xml version=”1.0″ encoding=”UTF-8″ standalone=”no”?>

<?xml-stylesheet type=”text/xsl” href=”configuration.xsl”?>

<configuration>

<!–指定元数据库连接信息–>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>

<value>jdbc:mysql://master:3306/hive?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>

<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<!–指定元数据库连接驱动程序主类–>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>

<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>

<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>

</property>

<!–指定元数据库用户名–>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>

<value>hive</value>

<description>username to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

<!–指定元数据库用户密码–>

<property>

<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>

<value>hive</value>

<description>password to use against metastore database</description>

</property>

</configuration>

我们也可指定某个文件夹来存放元数据

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>

<value>/home/hduser/hive/warehouse</value>

<description>location of default database for the warehouse</description>

</property>

下载mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz，下载链接为

https://cdn.mysql.com//Downloads/Connector-J/mysql-connector-java-5.1.46.tar.gz

将其解压后在文件夹中选择mysql-connector-java-5.1.46-bin.jar上传到master节点的/home/hduser/Downloads目录下。最后将JDBC文件放到hive的lib文件夹内即可。

5、启动hive

Hive数据存储到HDFS上，因此要先启动hadoop

start-all.sh

格式化hive

schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema

启动hive命令行

hive

HiveSQL的优点是学习成本低，可以通过类似SQL语句实现快速MapReduce统计，使MapReduce变得更加简单，而不必开发专门的MapReduce应用程序。hive是十分适合数据仓库的统计分析和Windows注册表文件。