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英语中很多副词都是形容词加后缀 -ly 变成副词的，如 slowly，sadly，loudly，happily，quietly 等，但是有些副词不是从对应的形容词加后缀 -ly 变成的，最典型的是 hardly，它常与 ever 连用；hard 既可以作形容词，也可以作副词，作副词时，与 hardly 的意思不一样。
一、hardly
hardly 是程度副词，它有否定的意思，意为”几乎不，几乎没有“，尤用于 can或 could 之后，主要动词之前，强调做某事很难，例如：
We hardly know each other.
我们彼此还不大认识。
I could hardly believe it when I read the letter.
读到那封信时，我简直不敢相信。
I can hardly keep my eyes open.
我困得都快睁不开眼了。
I can hardly wait to see him again.
我迫不及待地想再次见到他。
二、与 hardly 相关的搭配
1. hardly 最常见的搭配是 hardly ever。其实除了这个搭配以外，hardly 还经常与 any 及其组合词连用，如 anyone，anybody 和 anything；但 hardly 不与 no，none，no one，nobody，nothing 或 never 等表示否定意思的连用。
hardly ever:
We used to go visit grandma and grandpa every year when I was a kid, but nowadays I hardly ever see them.
小时候我们每年都去看望爷爷奶奶，但现在我几乎看不到他们了。
I hardly ever get the chance to go out to the movies alone since having kids.
自从有了孩子以后，我几乎没有机会一个人出去看电影。
hardly any/anyone, anybody, anything
I’ve got hardly any money.
我几乎不名一文。
She spent hardly any of the money.
这钱她几乎一点儿都没花。
Hardly anyone came.
几乎没有人来。
Hardly anyone slept that night.
那天晚上几乎没人睡觉。
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
我们已经连续数日几乎没东西可吃的了。
The child had hardly anything on.
这孩子几乎什么衣服都没穿。
2. hardly … at all
有时我们可以在动词、形容词或紧跟 hardly 后面的名词后面加 at all 来表示强调，例如：
I hardly slept at all last night.
我昨晚几乎没睡。
He’s hardly slept at all this week.
这星期他几乎没睡什么觉。
三、hardly 的位置
hardly 单独使用时，一般置于主语和实义动词之间，情态动词、助动词或 be 动词之后，例如：
1. 主语和实义动词之间，例如：
He hardly needed to break sweat to reach the final.
他几乎不费劲儿就取得了决赛权。
2. 情态动词、助动词或 be 动词之后，例如：
I can hardly wait.
我等不及了。
My piano lesson is on Monday, and I’ve hardly played it this week.
我的钢琴课是在星期一，这星期我几乎没弹过。
There were hardly any tourists.
几乎没有游客。
3. 当 hardly 要么修饰实义动词，要么修饰实义动词后的名词或短语，那么 hardly 既可以放在实义动词之前，也可以放在之后，例如：
她几乎没有睡觉。
✔: She hardly had any sleep.
✔: She had hardly any sleep.
四、hardly 的倒装
1. 跟其他有否定意义的单词一样，hardly 置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，例如：
Hardly does she have time to listen to music.
他几乎没时间听音乐。
Hardly had we arrived than the problems started.
我们刚到，问题就来了。
2. 在更正式的场合中，当谈及一件事情紧接着另一件事情发生时，用 hardly … when，其中 hardly 置于句首，句子用部分倒装，相当于 scarcely … when，例如：
Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
我刚上床睡觉电话就响了。
Hardly had I arrived there when I was called back to the head office 100 miles away.
我刚到那里就被召回100英里外的总部。
Hardly had my friend asked the question when he got the correct answer.
我的朋友一问这个问题就得到了正确的答案。
词或词组辨析：
break (a) sweat 意为”花大力气，苦干“
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