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JavaScript，原生、jQuery、Axios，发送Ajax同步及异步请求代码「建议收藏」

老牧童 • • AJAX, java, JavaScript, Maven • 阅读 364

JavaScript，原生、jQuery、Axios，发送Ajax同步及异步请求代码「建议收藏」说明Web数据交互方式，Ajax：Ajax，Asynchronous Javascript And XML（异步JavaScript和XML），

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说明

Web数据交互方式，Ajax：

Ajax，Asynchronous Javascript And XML（异步JavaScript和XML），2005年被Jesse James Garrett提出的新术语，用来描述一种使用现有技术集合的新方法，包括：HTML或XHTML，CSS，JavaScript，DOM，XML，XSLT，以及最重要的XMLHttpRequest。 使用Ajax技术网页应用能够快速地将增量更新呈现在用户界面上，而不需要重载（刷新）整个页面，这使得程序能够更快地回应用户的操作。

jQuery

jQuery是一个快速、简洁的JavaScript框架，是继Prototype之后又一个优秀的JavaScript代码库（框架）于2006年1月由John Resig发布。封装了JavaScript常用的功能代码，提供一种简便的JavaScript设计模式，优化HTML文档操作、事件处理、动画设计和Ajax交互。

Axios

一个基于promise的HTTP库，可以用在浏览器和node.js中。

跨域资源共享（CORS）

CORS是一个W3C标准，全称是”跨域资源共享”（Cross-origin resource sharing）。允许浏览器向跨源服务器，发出XMLHttpRequest请求，从而克服了AJAX只能同源使用的限制。

代码案例

原生的Ajax同步&异步代码案例

//Ajax Get 同步请求
function AjaxSynGet(url) {
    var xmlHttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        //IE
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    // xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("headName", "headName");
    xmlHttp.open("GET", url + '&rnd=' + Math.random(), false);
    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("token","header-token-value");
    xmlHttp.send(null);
    var text = xmlHttp.responseText;
    return text;
}

//Ajax Post 同步请求
function AjaxSynPost(url, param) {
    var xmlHttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        //IE
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    xmlHttp.open("POST", url + '&rnd=' + Math.random(), false);
    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("token","header-token-value");
    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("headName", 'headValue');
    xmlHttp.send(param);
    var text = xmlHttp.responseText;
    return text;
}

//Ajax Get 异步请求
// rtnFun: 函数
function AjaxGet(url, rtnFun) {
    var xmlHttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    } else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        //IE
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    if (xmlHttp != null) {
        //get
        xmlHttp.open("GET", url + '&rnd=' + Math.random(), true);
        xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("token","header-token-value");
        xmlHttp.send(null);
        xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
            //4 = "loaded"
            if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
                //200 = OK
                if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
                    var text = xmlHttp.responseText;
                    rtnFun(text);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

//Ajax Post 异步请求
// rtnFun: 函数
function AjaxPost(url, param, rtnFun) {
    var xmlHttp;
    if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
        //IE
    } else if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    if (xmlHttp != null) {
        xmlHttp.open("POST", url + '&rnd=' + Math.random(), true);
        xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("token","header-token-value");
        xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("headName", 'headValue');
        xmlHttp.send(param);
        xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
            //4 = "loaded"
            if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
                //200 = OK
                if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
                    var text = xmlHttp.responseText;
                    rtnFun(text);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

IT知识分享网 

IT知识分享网<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>原生的Ajax同步&异步代码案例</title>
    <!--r为参数防止浏览器缓存 -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="ajax.js?r=2"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <span id="result1"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result2"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result3"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result4"></span>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        // 1、Ajax Get同步请求
        let result1 = AjaxSynGet("http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get?a=1");
        console.log("result1",result1);
        document.getElementById("result1").innerText=result1;

        // 2、Ajax Post 同步请求
        let result2 = AjaxSynPost("http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post?a=1","key=value");
        console.log("result2",result2);
        document.getElementById("result2").innerText=result2;

        // 3、Ajax Get 异步请求
        console.log("请求前：" + new Date().getTime());
        AjaxGet("http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get?a=1", function(data){
            console.log("result3",data);
            document.getElementById("result3").innerText=data;
        });
        console.log("请求后：" + new Date().getTime());

        // 4、Ajax Ajax Post 异步请求
        console.log("请求前：" + new Date().getTime());
        AjaxPost("http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post?a=1", "key=value", function(data){
            console.log("result4",data);
            document.getElementById("result4").innerText=data;
        });
        console.log("请求后：" + new Date().getTime());
    </script>
</body>
</html>

jQuery的Ajax同步&异步代码案例

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>jQuery的Ajax同步&异步代码案例</title>
    <script src="https://lib.baomitu.com/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div>
        <span id="result1"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result2"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result31"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result32"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result41"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result42"></span>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        // 1、Ajax Get同步请求
        let result1 = $.ajax({
            type: 'get',
            url: 'http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get',
            async:false,
            headers:{'token':'1333333333'},
        });
        console.log("result1",result1.responseText);
        $("#result1").text(result1.responseText);

        // 2、Ajax Post 同步请求
        let result2 = $.ajax({
            type: 'post',
            url: 'http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post',
            data: {},
            async:false,
            headers:{'token':'1333333333'},
        });
        console.log("result2",result2.responseText);
        $("#result2").text(result2.responseText);

        // 3、Ajax Get 异步请求
        $.get("http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get", function(data,status){
            console.log("result31", JSON.stringify(data));
            $("#result31").text(JSON.stringify(data));
        });
        $.ajax({
            type: 'get',
            url: 'http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get',
            async: true,
            headers:{'token':'1333333333'},
            success: function (res){
                console.log("result32", JSON.stringify(res));
                $("#result32").text(JSON.stringify(res));
            },
            error:function(err){
                console.log("error32", err);
            }
        });

        // 4、Ajax AjaxPost 异步请求
        $.post("http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post",{ id:''},function(data){
            console.log("result41", JSON.stringify(data));
            $("#result41").text(JSON.stringify(data));
        });
        $.ajax({
            type: 'post',
            url: 'http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post',
            data:{ id:'' },
            contentType: 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
            async: false,
            headers:{'token':'1333333333'},
            success: function (res){
                console.log("result42", JSON.stringify(res));
                $("#result42").text(JSON.stringify(res));
            },
            error:function(err){
                console.log("error42", err);
            }
        });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

Axios的Ajax同步&异步代码案例

IT知识分享网<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Axios的Ajax同步&异步代码案例</title>
        <script src="https://lib.baomitu.com/axios/0.21.4/axios.min.js"></script>
    </head>
<body>
    <div>
        <span id="result11"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result12"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result21"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result22"></span>
        <hr/>
        <span id="result31"></span>
    </div>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        // URL编码  URL解码
        console.log("URL编码",encodeURIComponent("名字"));
        console.log("URL解码",decodeURIComponent("%E5%90%8D%E5%AD%97"));

        // 1、Ajax Get异步请求
        axios.get('http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get?id=11&name=名字',{
            params: {desc:"描述"},
            headers: {"token": "token123"}
        }).then(res => {
            console.log("result11", JSON.stringify(res.data));
            document.getElementById("result11").innerText = JSON.stringify(res.data);
        });
        // 另外一种写法
        axios({
            url: 'http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get?id=12&name=名字',
            method: 'GET',
            params: {desc:"描述"},
            headers: {"token": "token123"}
        }).then(res => {
            console.log("result12", JSON.stringify(res.data));
            document.getElementById("result12").innerText = JSON.stringify(res.data);
        })

        // 2、Ajax Post异步请求
        axios.post('http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post',"id=21&name=名字",{
            headers: {"token": "token123"}
        }).then(res => {
            console.log("result21", JSON.stringify(res.data));
            document.getElementById("result21").innerText = JSON.stringify(res.data);
        })
        // 另外一种写法
        axios({
            url: 'http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/post',
            method: 'post',
            data: {id: 22,name:'名字'},
            headers: {"token": "token123"}
        }).then(res => {
            console.log("result22", JSON.stringify(res.data));
            document.getElementById("result22").innerText = JSON.stringify(res.data);
        });

        // 3、Ajax Get同步请求
        console.log("请求前：" + new Date().getTime());
        async function getData() {
            let data = "";
            await axios.get('http://192.168.1.116:8080/data/get?id=31&name=名字').then(res => {
                data =  JSON.stringify(res.data);
                console.log("执行1：" + new Date().getTime());
            });
            console.log("执行2：" + new Date().getTime());
            return data;
        }
        const result = getData();
        result.then(res=>{
            console.log("执行3：" + new Date().getTime());
            console.log("result31", res);
            document.getElementById("result31").innerText = res;
        })
        console.log("请求后：" + new Date().getTime());
    </script>
</body>
</html>

SpringBoot后台代码

跨域的Filter：

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SimpleCORSFilter implements Filter {

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "POST, GET, OPTIONS, DELETE, HEAD");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Max-Age", "3600");
        //response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "access-control-allow-origin, authority, content-type, version-info, X-Requested-With");
        response.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "*");
        chain.doFilter(req, res);
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) {}

    public void destroy() {}

}

配置（主要是跨域）：

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration;
import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource;
import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter;

@Configuration
public class CommonConfig {

    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean registerAuthFilter() {
        FilterRegistrationBean registration = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        registration.setFilter(new SimpleCORSFilter());
        registration.addUrlPatterns("/*");
        registration.setName("simpleCORSFilter");
        registration.setOrder(1);  // 值越小，Filter越靠前。
        return registration;
    }

    private CorsConfiguration buildConfig() {
        CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration();
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*"); //允许任何域名
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*"); //允许任何头
        corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*"); //允许任何方法
        return corsConfiguration;
    }

    // @Bean
    public CorsFilter corsFilter() {
        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", buildConfig()); //注册
        return new CorsFilter(source);
    }

}

Controller支持：

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/data")
public class DataController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Object get(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> dataMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataMap.put("id", new Random().nextInt());
        dataMap.put("name", "富豪");
        dataMap.put("type", "GET");
        return dataMap;
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/post", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public Object post(HttpServletRequest request) {
        Map<String, Object> dataMap = new HashMap<>();
        dataMap.put("id", new Random().nextInt());
        dataMap.put("name", "富豪");
        dataMap.put("type", "POST");
        return dataMap;
    }

}

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