新词学习：男释、饿怒、我时间、雪片人和自大狂

带给大家几个牛津字典新收录的单词

Mansplain | 男释

Just a decade ago, the verb mansplain did not exist, but the word and the concept (a man’s action of explaining something needlessly, overbearingly, or condescendingly, especially to a woman, in a manner thought to reveal a patronizing or chauvinistic attitude) are now an established part of English-language discourse.

仅十年前，动词“mansplain”压根不存在，但这个单词和概念现在已经成为英语中的固定用法，说的是“一个男人毫无必要、居高临下或恩典式地解释某件事，尤其向一个女人，这种态度被认为反映出沙文主义态度”。

The first known usages of the verb and of the related noun mansplaining are in a pair of comments on the social networking website LiveJournal in August 2008; an influential essay on the topic of ‘Men who explain things’ was published by Rebecca Solnit a few months earlier, and is often credited with popularizing the concept, but it did not use the term mansplain.

这个动词和名词用法最早于2008年8月出现在社交网站LiveJournal的评论区。几个月前，Rebecca Solnit发表了有关“男人解释事物”的文章，被认为让这个概念为人所知，但文章并未使用该词。

Hangry | 饿怒

It is only in the 21st century that the word hangry, a blend of hungry and angry used colloquially to mean ‘bad-tempered or irritable as a result of hunger’, has entered common use. However, the earliest known evidence for the word dates from 1956, in an unusual article in the psychoanalytic journal American Imago that describes various kinds of deliberate and accidental wordplay.

在新世纪，把饥饿和愤怒缩合起来的hangry开始为人所用，说的是因为饿而发脾气。然而，最早在1956年就有人使用，在心理分析期刊American Imago一篇另类文章中，描述了各种文字游戏。

The author mentions hangry in a discussion of words formed by contraction or elision. Some of these, like brunch, were already established at the time, but most of them, such as criumph (a crime triumph), and sexperience (sexual experience) have still not caught on with the English-speaking public.

作者在谈论缩合和元音省略时提到了hangry，还有当时已经常用的brunch等词，但大多数例子，包括“犯罪胜利”criumph（crime+triumph）和“性体验”sexperience（sex+experience）还不为人知。

Me time is time devoted to doing what one wants (typically on one’s own), as opposed to working or doing things for others, considered as important in reducing stress or restoring energy. The term is first attested in the publication Helping yourself with Cosmic Healing (1980) by Unity minister Rebekah Dunlap: ‘Arrange during each day to have some “me time”.’

“我时间”说的是可以干自己想干的事的时光，相对于工作或为他人做事，这被认为是解压或恢复能量的重要方法。该词最早出现在1980年出版物“Helping youself with Cosmic Healing”一书中，作者是Rebekah Dunlap，她说，“每天安排一些‘我时间’。”

Snowflake | 雪片人

The use of snowflake as a derogatory term has become prominent on social media in recent years, but it has its roots in more positive connotations. The OED’s entry traces snowflake back to 1983 in a more affirmative sense, referring to a person, especially a child, regarded as having a unique personality and potential. The metaphor was based on the notion of every snowflake being one of a kind in appearance.

最近几年，“雪片”snowflake在社交媒体上才有了贬义，以前的含义则更为正面。雪片最早出现在1983年，当时指某人具有与众不同的个性和潜能，尤其是孩子，因为每一片雪片都有自己独特的样子。

By the late 1990s, that idea of the special snowflake was established enough to be sarcastically invoked in Chuck Palahniuk’s novel Fight Club: ‘You are not a beautiful and unique snowflake. You are the same decaying organic matter as everything else, and we are all part of the same compost pile.’

到九十年代末，Chuck Palahniuk的小说《Fight Club》中开始有了讽刺的用法：“你并非美丽、独一无二的雪片。你和其他东西一样，都是正在腐烂的有机质，我们都是同样的一堆肥料。”

Over time, the term’s meaning shifted, and snowflake came be used as an insulting term for a person characterized as overly sensitive or easily offended, or as feeling entitled to special treatment or consideration. In this way, the original idea of a snowflake’s uniqueness has been displaced by allusion to its fragility.

慢慢地，含义变了，雪片用来骂人，说某人过分敏感，很容易被惹恼，感觉自己应该受到某种特殊对待。以前的独一无二被现在的太过脆弱取代了。

Selfy | 自拍的

Selfie n. has been in the OED since 2014, but the adjective selfy is now added for the first time. Selfy is rare in modern use but dates to the 17th century as a Scottish word meaning ‘self-centred’ or ‘selfish’.

名词“Selfie”（自拍照）2014年就入选牛津词典了，但形容词“Selfy”首次入选。“Selfy”可以追溯到17世纪苏格兰古词“以自我为中心”或“自私”。

Swag | 自大狂

A new entry has been added for swag, derived from swagger, and used in slang to denote ‘bold self-assurance in style or manner’, or ‘an air of great self-confidence or superiority’. The OED’s first citation for this particular sense comes from the track ‘December 4th’ on Jay-Z’s The Black Album (2003): ‘My self-esteem went through the roof, man. I got my swag.’

“Swag”来自于“Swagger”，用来表示“行事过分自信”，“高高在上不可一世”。最早出自歌手Jay-Z2003年专辑《The Black Album》，有一句歌词是：“我的自信冲破屋顶，先生，我狂得不行。”