— 参考（https://blog.csdn.net/loongshawn/article/details/51162196）

1、启动oracle的步骤

Linux下启动oracle分为以下两步：

• 1.1、启动lsnrctl监听。
• 1.2、启动数据库实例。

2、启动oracle监听

首先登陆服务器，切换到oracle用户。

[admin@dataserver ~]$ su - oracle 密码： [oracle@dataserver ~]$

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接下来，检查oracle监听器运行状态，通过lsnrctl status命令查看。

[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl status LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:39:39 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521))) TNS-12543: TNS:destination host unreachable TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00513: Destination host unreachable Linux Error: 113: No route to host Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521))) TNS-12541: TNS:no listener TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00511: No listener Linux Error: 111: Connection refused [oracle@dataserver ~]$ exit 

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上述反馈的结果即为oracle监听没有启动，下面执行启动监听，通过命令lsnrctl start，结果如下：

[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:51:06 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521))) TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist Linux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested address Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above... [oracle@dataserver ~]$ 

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上述反馈为监听启动失败，是因为其监听的IP30.85.227.24，并非服务器的IP，所以需要调整这个IP为服务器当前的IP。

在oracle用户下，进入目录/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin，修改listener.ora文件。注意这个目录因具体服务器而异。 

listener.ora文件打开，内容如下，调整其中的HOST IP即可。

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (SID_NAME = ORCL) ) ) LISTENER = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) ) (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.28)(PORT = 1521)) ) (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.23)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle 

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调整完监听IP后，重启监听器，执行lsnrctl start，

[oracle@dataserver admin]$ lsnrctl start LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521))) Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521))) Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) STATUS of the LISTENER ------------------------ Alias LISTENER Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production Start Date 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15 Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 5 sec Trace Level off Security ON: Local OS Authentication SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml Listening Endpoints Summary... (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521))) (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521))) Services Summary... Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s). Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... The command completed successfully [oracle@dataserver admin]$ 

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至此，oracle监听器启动成功！

3、启动oracle实例

以system用户身份登陆oracle

[oracle@dataserver admin]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 4月 15 15:23:04 2016 Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn as sysdba Enter user-name: system Enter password: Connected to an idle instance. 

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然后启动实例，通过startup命令：

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4.0620E+10 bytes Fixed Size 2216024 bytes Variable Size 2.3354E+10 bytes Database Buffers 1.7180E+10 bytes Redo Buffers 84054016 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> 

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4、关闭oracle实例

通过shutdown命令关闭oracle实例。

SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>