张雪峰“文科都是服务业=舔”惹众怒，文科就业在何方？

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考研名师张雪峰又上热搜了，这次因为直播时放言“所有文科都叫服务业，总结成一个字就是‘舔’”。

可能戳中了许多人的痛处，多个相关词条迅速上了热搜。

有专家反驳派——#专家称张雪峰言论过于极端#，

有数据解说派——#文科生就业率不到理科生一半#，

还有鸡汤派——#一个人不舔人的社会从尊重服务业开始#。

自从劝一位学生不要学新闻专业，张雪峰像购买了热搜年包，处处“步步惊心”。

关于服务业的定义，我国有三大产业，第一产业，第二产业和第三产业，第三产业包括现代服务业或商业。

第一产业主要生产食材以及其他生物材料，比如植树种草、种田养鱼、牛羊养殖等等；

第二产业主要指加工制造产业，也称作手工制作业，食品加工、服装生产等都属于此类；

第三产业是除第一、第二产业之外的其他行业，金融、教育、餐饮、通讯、交通等非物质生产类都属于第三产业。

多数网友看来，张雪峰说的没有错，只不过比较片面，因为不管文理，最后都会归于服务业。

有些人一提服务业，不由联想到没有尊严，卑躬屈膝，出卖情绪价值，“上不了台面”等词。

这种观念源自刻在很多人骨子里的“士农工商三教九流”的贵贱理念。马上2024年了，为什么还有人给自己裹小脑呢？

在世界发达国家，服务业占GDP的比重普遍超过70%，其中美国服务业占国家GDP高达77.37%，英国占比71%，法国占比70.3%，瑞士占比70.91%，新加坡占比70.38%。

我国金融中心之一香港，服务业占GDP比重88.63%。

随着物质繁荣，经济发展，服务业占GDP的比重可以反映经济和社会的发达程度。

我国是公认的制造业大国，服务业占比仅为52.16%，远低于发达国家，比国际平均水平65%还要低。

《2020中国服务贸易行业发展研究报告》报告显示，中国服务业在出口增加值创造上已高于制造业，尤其是服务贸易扮演着越来越重要的角色。

据报告预测，到2025年，中国服务业增加值占GDP比重将达到60%，中国的服务业发展前景十分广阔。

服务业的发展必将带来更多就业机会，而文科生在竞争中有自己独特的优势。

原文链接：https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/why-arts-humanities-and-social-science-students-are-key-our-future/

Why arts, humanities and social science students are key to our future

为什么艺术、人文和社会科学专业的学生是我们未来的关键？

key adj 极重要的，关键性的

The question every arts, humanities and social sciences student hears fairly regularly, ‘what are you going to do with that?’, has become all the more important in the last few days. Suggestions that degrees in these subjects are somehow ‘less valuable’ have resurfaced in light of the Government’s review of post-18 education funding.

每位学艺术、人文和社会学专业的学生都会经常被问这样的问题，“你将来拿这个学位打算做什么？”过去几天，这一问题变得愈加重要。英国政府审查18岁之后的教育经费，使这些学科的学位“价值较低”的说法再次出现。

resurface v 再次出现

in light of 因为，鉴于

But a recent British Academy project I chaired showed that such sentiments (观点) were, quite simply, wrong. Arts, humanities and social sciences graduates make valuable contributions right across our society. The breadth (广度) is truly vast ranging from web designers for banks, and press officers for major corporations, through to the civil service, teachers, social workers, lawyers, accountants and economists, or throughout our booming creative industries and cultural and heritage sectors to global leaders and senior politicians.

但我最近主持的一个英国国家学术院（The British Academy）项目表明，这种看法完全是错误的。艺术、人文和社会学毕业生对我们的社会做出了宝贵的贡献。他们的就业范围非常广泛，从银行的网页设计师、大公司的发言人，到公务员、教师、社会工作者、律师、会计师和经济学家，再到蓬勃发展的创意产业和文化遗产行业，乃至全球领袖和资深政客。

chair v 主持（会议等）

Our research found that 58% of Chief Executives of FTSE 100 Index Companies have studied arts, humanities and social sciences, either at undergraduate or postgraduate level. Arts, humanities and social sciences is a broad church, and what our graduates go on to do is correspondingly diverse.

我们的研究发现，英国富时100指数公司(伦敦证券交易所上市的最大的一百家公司)的首席执行官中，有58%的人在本科或研究生阶段学习了艺术、人文和社会科学。艺术、人文和社会科学是一个广泛的领域，毕业生从事的工作也同样多种多样。

a broad church 广纳众议的机构

01

A set of core skills

一系列核心技能

We found this diversity is grounded in a set of core skills which all arts, humanities and social sciences graduates develop, and that these skills are in demand from employers as well as central to a cohesive (有凝聚力的) well-performing society. Arts, humanities and social science graduates learn how to communicate and work with others, how to define a question and analyse the evidence to answer it, and how to work independently to solve problems with creativity. Such skills have never been more vital in a society where we need to collaborate across global boundaries, be engaged and active citizens who can identify ‘fake news’ and make evidence-based decisions and adapt to make the most of emerging technologies in an ethical way.

我们发现，这种多样性源于所有艺术、人文和社会学的毕业生都培养了一系列核心技能，而这些技能不仅受雇主欢迎，对于一个有凝聚力、运行良好的社会也至关重要。艺术、人文和社会科学毕业生学习如何与他人沟通和合作，如何定义问题并分析证据以回答问题，以及如何独立地、创造性地解决问题。在这个社会中，我们需要跨越国界合作，需要能够发现“假新闻”并做出基于证据决策的积极参与公民，需要遵循道德准则适应并充分利用新兴技术，这些技能比以往任何时候都更加重要。

be grounded in sth 根据，基于

central adj 主要的；重要的

Employers need individuals who can interpret data, but also explain to others what it means. Design, marketing and human relations are critical to industrial and commercial success and are dependent on understanding what it means to be human – something fundamental to the study of the arts, humanities and social sciences. And while our society is already multicultural; in a post-Brexit world, our international relations skills around trade and security are only set to become more complex. We need people with language skills, but also with intercultural understanding and global awareness, who can negotiate with tact(外交手腕) and diplomacy.

雇主需要既能解读数据，又能向他人解释其含义的人才。设计、营销和人际关系对工商业的成功至关重要，而这些都依赖于理解人类本质，这正是艺术、人文和社会科学研究的基础。虽然我们的社会已经多元化；但在英国脱欧后的世界，我们在贸易和安全方面的国际关系技能只会变得更加复杂。我们需要的人才不仅要具备语言技能，还需要有跨文化理解和全球意识，能够机敏并有手段地进行谈判。

02

Equipping students for the future

为学生未来做好准备

Technological, socio-environmental, economic and demographic(人口的) changes are transforming the way we work. New jobs are constantly being created and existing roles evolve. The natures of the arts, humanities and social sciences means that students learn to deal with ambiguity (模棱两可), where there may be many ‘right’ answers. They have a positive, open outlook and are willing to try new approaches, all crucial attributes in a world where they will have to adapt to changing circumstances and demands and be comfortable navigating an uncertain future.

技术、社会环境、经济和人口结构的变化正在改变我们的工作方式。新的工作机会不断涌现，现有职位也在不断演变。艺术、人文和社会科学的性质意味着学生要学会处理模糊不清的问题，其中可能有许多“正确”的答案。他们持有积极、开放的态度，愿意尝试新方法，在必须适应不断变化的环境和需求，并在不确定的未来中游刃有余的世界里，这些品质至关重要。

attribute n 特性；特质

The labour market needs graduates who can think on their feet and be innovative in a global economic environment, exploiting opportunities and helping to grow businesses and economies.

劳动力市场需要毕业生能够在全球经济环境中随机应变、保持创新，能够抓住机会，助力企业和经济增长。

think on one’s feet 思维敏捷

Our report showed that the attitudes developed by studying the arts, humanities and social sciences provide an ideal basis for graduates to be able to take the initiative and explore new horizons. And that commitment, desire and ability to constantly improve their own performance is reflected in the number of graduates from those subjects who go on to become global leaders, chief executives of top performing companies and politicians. It is testament to their resilience, flexibility and ability to upskill.

我们的报告表明，学习艺术、人文和社会科学所培养的态度，为毕业生能够主动进取、探索新视野奠定了理想的基础。这些学科的毕业生中，有许多人成为了全球领袖、顶尖公司首席执行官和政治家，这反映了他们不断提高自身表现的决心、愿望和能力。这证明了他们的适应力、灵活性和提高技能的能力。

upskill v 学习新技能

So, when faced with the question, ‘what are you going to do with that?’, students and parents alike should feel secure in the knowledge that an arts, humanities or social science degree will equip them with transferable skills and behaviours that will be prized in our future economy.

因此，当面对“你拿这个学位将来打算做什么？”这一问题时，学生和家长都应该确信，艺术、人文或社会学学位将使他们具备在未来经济体中备受青睐的可转换的技能和行为。

We don’t know what the jobs of tomorrow will look like, or where they will be. But understanding human behaviour and society is surely the best way to make the most of the changes coming our way.
我们不知道未来的工作会是什么样，也不知道会在哪里。但是理解人类行为和社会无疑是充分利用即将到来的变化的最佳方式。

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