一、形容词的语法功能

在句子中名词的定语、连系动词的表语及宾语的补足语。

⑴作定语时放在名词的前面,且音节少的词放在音节多的词之前。

如：a big yellow wooden wheel(一个黄色的大木轮)

⑵作表语时放在连系动词之后。

如：The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)

⑶作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。

如：We must try our best to keep our environment clean.(我们必须尽力保持我们的环境清洁)

⑷后置的情况：①修饰复合不定代词时放在代词之后。

如：Something serious has happened to him.(他发生了严重的事故)

②与表示”长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的词连用时形容词后置。

如：He’s 1.8 meters tall.(他身高1.8米。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometers away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)

二、ed形容词与ing形容的区别

英语中的过去分词与现在分词可以在句子中作定语、表语、及宾语补足语，其语法功能相当于形容词。比如interested与interesting，excited与exciting ,disappointed 与disappointing等　。interesting指人或东西本身”能引起兴趣的”，即指的是能引起别人或别的事物感兴趣,具有主动含义；而interested则表示由于别的某个事物而”感兴趣的”,具有被动性。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)

三、副词的分类及语法功能

用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其它形容词或副词程度的词叫做副词。副词作状语，可以修饰形容词、副词、动词以及整个句子。副词在句子中的位置以及作用：

⑴作状语：

① 时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾,注意,early、late、before、later、yet等一般放在句尾,already、just一般放在动词的前面。如：We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.(我们明天要去参观长城) / They have already been to the UK twice.(他们去过英王国两次) / Soon the lost boy found his way back home.(不久迷路的孩子找到了回家的路)

② 频度副词：一般放在be动词之后或者助动词与主要动词之间,但sometimes、often等还可以放在句首或句尾,usually可放在句首,once可放在句尾,twice、three times等一般放在句尾。如：Sometimes I get up early.(我有时起得早)/ The workers usually have lunch at the factory.(工人们通常在厂里吃午饭) / Take this medicine twice a day.(这种药一天吃两次)

③ 方式副词：一般放在行为动之后,suddenly可以放在句首、句尾或动词之前。如：Old people can hardly walk as quickly as young people.(老年人几乎不可能走得和年轻人一样快) / Suddenly he saw a light in the dark cave(山洞).(突然,在黑黢黢的山洞里,他看见了一丝亮光)

④ 地点副词：一般放在句尾,但here、there还可放在句首。如：There you can see thousands of bikes running in all directions(方向).(在那里,你可以看到成千上万的自行车朝各个方向流动) / The frightened wolf ran away.(受到惊吓的狼逃开了)/ He walked out quietly and turned back soon.(他悄悄地走了出去,很快又返回)

⑤ 程度副词：修饰动词时,放在动词之前；修饰形容词或副词时,放在形容词或副词之前。但注意,enough总是放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面；only位置比较灵活,总是放在被修饰的词的前面。如：I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.(如果他不再次告诉我,我几乎把那事全忘了) / It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.(它那么奇怪一直我都不能相信我的耳朵) / She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.(她早早地赶到车站赶上了首班车)

⑥ 疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问,位置总是在句首。如：When and where were you born?(你何时何地出生？)/ Why did little Edison sit on some eggs?(小爱迪生为什么要坐在鸡蛋上？)/ How do you do?(你好！)

四、形容词、 副词的原级、比较级和最高级

1、分类：形容词和副词有原级、比较级和最高级三级。原级变为比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

2、规则变化:

(1)单音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级的后面加上er,est构成比较级和最高级。a)直接加er,est ：b)以重读闭音节结尾的,要双写最后一个辅音字母,后加er,est：c)以辅音字母+y结尾的,先把y改为i再加上er,est：(2)两个音节或两个以上的音节的,在原级前加more / most.

３、不规则变化

五、形容与副词易错题分析

１.The population of the world in 20th century became very much _________ than that in 19th.

A. bigger 　B. larger 　C. greater 　D. more

答案: B.(选择其它三项的同学要注意population的固定搭配是large)

２.Miss Li is one of _______ in our school.

A. a popular teacher　B. more popular teacher　C. most popular teacher　D. the most popular teachers

答案:D.(选择其它三项的同学要注意one of + 复数的用法.)

３.The magazines are ________ easy that the children can read them well.

A. such　B. so　C. too　D. very

答案: B (选择A的同学要注意easy是形容词，要用so…that, 而不用such…that)

４.–Would you like ________ more tea?– Thank you. I’ve had ________.

A. any, much　B. some, enough　C. some, much　D. any, enough

答案：C　(选择B的同学要注意enough是形容词，　不能说had enough)

５.I think basketball is _______. I like to watch it.

A. boring　B. bored　C. exciting　D. excited

答案：C　(选择D的同学要注意basketball本身很令人激动，excited表示被什么所感染而激动。)

6.This dinner looks _______ to me, and I like it.

A. terrible　B. good　C. badly　D. nicely

答案：B　(选择D的同学要注意look在这里是系动词，后面要加形容词。)

７.The math problem is so hard that ________ students can work it out.

A. a few　B. a little　C. many　D. few

答案：D　(选择A、C的同学要注意语境，这里指没有什么学生能做出来。)

８.–What’s the weather like tomorrow?– The radio says it is going to be even ______.

A. bad　B. worst　C. badly　D. worse

答案：D　(选择A的同学要注意，even＋比较级)

９.Though she talks ______, she has made ________ friends here.

A. a little, a few　B. little, few　C. little, a few　D. few, a few

答案：C　(选择A的同学要注意语境，这里指虽然她不怎么说话，但她有一些朋友.)65.He never does his work _______ Mary.A. as careful asB. so careful asC. as carefully asD. carefully as答案：C　(选择A和B的同学要注意work 是行为动词，要用副词来修饰.)