科学：无尽的前沿2020（中英文对照17）

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CHAPTER 4

第4章

RENEWAL OF OUR SCIENTIFIC TALENT

更新我们的科学才能

Nature of the Problem

问题的性质

The responsibility for the creation of new scientific knowledge rests on that small body of men and women who understand the fundamental laws of nature and are skilled in the techniques of scientific research. While there will always be the rare individual who will rise to the top without benefit of formal education and training, he is the exception and even he might make a more notable

contribution if he had the benefit of the best education we have to offer. I

cannot improve on President Conant’s statement that:

“* * * in every section of the entire area where the word science may prop

erly be applied, the limiting factor is a human one. We shall have rapid or

slow advance in this direction or in that depending on the number of really

frst-class men who are engaged in the work in question. * * *

So in the last analysis, the future of science in this country will be determined by our basic

educational policy.”

创造新的科学知识的责任在于那些了解自然的基本规律并精通科学研究技术的少数男女群体。虽然总会有少数人在没有正规教育和培训的情况下登上顶峰，但他是个例外，如果他能享受到我们所提供的最好的教育，甚至他也可能做出更显著的贡献。我不能改进科南特总统的声明：

“***在整个领域中可以适当应用科学这个词的每个领域，限制因素是人类的因素。我们将在这个方向上或在那个方向上快速或缓慢地前进，这取决于从事有关工作的真正的第一流的人的数量。* * *所以，说到底，这个国家的科学未来将取决于我们的基础教育政策。”

A Note of Warning

警告注意事项

It would be folly to set up a program under which research in the natural sciences and medicine was expanded at the cost of the social sciences, humanities,and other studies so essential to national wellbeing. This point has been well stated by the Moe Committee as follows:

“As citizens, as good citizens, we therefore think that we must have in mind while examining the question before us—the discovery and development of

scientifc talent—the needs of the whole national welfare. We could not suggest to you a program which would syphon into science and technology a disproportionately large share of the nation’s highest abilities, without doing harm to the nation, nor, indeed, without crippling science.

* * * Science can not live by and unto itself alone.”

* * *

“The uses to which high ability in youth can be put are various and, to a

large extent, are determined by social pressures and rewards. When aided by

selective devices for picking out scientifcally talented youth, it is clear that large sums of money for scholarships and fellowships and monetary and other rewards in disproportionate amounts might draw into science too large a percentage of the nation’s high ability, with a result highly detrimental to the nation and to science. Plans for the discovery and development of scientifc talent must be related to the other needs of society for high ability

* * *

There is never enough ability at high levels to satisfy all the needs of the nation;

we would not seek to draw into science any more of it than science’s propor

tionate share.”

建立一个项目，以社会科学、人文科学和其他对国家福祉至关重要的研究为代价，扩大自然科学和医学的研究，这将是愚蠢的。这一点已经被教育部委员会很好地阐述如下：

“作为公民，作为好公民，我们认为我们必须在研究我们面前的问题——科学人才的发现和发展——整个国家福利的需要。”我们不能给你一个项目，它将向科学和技术吸收的国家最高能力的巨大比例，不对国家造成伤害，事实上，也不损害科学。* * *科学不能独自靠自己生存。”

* * *

“那里高水平的能力永远不足以满足国家的所有需求；我们不想把更多的知识引入科学比例份额。”

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