暑期单词预习，逐词解读！英语八年级上册Unit 3单词解析(一)

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Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my

sister.

Section A

1.outgoing [“aʊtɡəʊɪŋ] adj.爱交际

的；友好的；外向的

比较级、最高级：

more/most outgoing

反义词：quiet quieter quietest

可作定语和表语。

注意冠词：

She is an outgoing girl.

她是个外向的女孩。

He is more outgoing than me.

他比我性格外向。

2.both [bəʊθ]adj.& pron.两个;两个都

both作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

①both adj.两个

一般单独修饰复数名词作定语;此短语

常作主语、宾语， 不作表语、补足语。

◆ both+(of)+限定词+复数名词

（限定词包括：the/物主代词/指示代

词等）

There are many trees on both sides

of the street.

街道两边有许多树。

Both their children are in England.

他们的两个孩子都在英国。

He wants both magazines.

这两本杂志他都想要。

②both pron.两个

◆单独使用，作主语、宾语、同位语。

Both are my good friends.(主语)

A: Which one do you want?

B: I’ll take both.(宾语)

你要哪一个？

两个我都要。

I like them both.(同位语)

我喜欢他们俩。

◆both of + 限定词 + 复数名词

Both of the boys are my good

friends.

Both of his children are good at

maths.

【注意】both 直接修饰名词时,其后不

加of。

both children(✔)

both the children(✔)

both their children(✔)

both of the children(✔)

both of children(✘)

◆both of + 复数代词宾格(us/them/

you)

Both of them are my good friends.

【注意】both和人称代词连用时，注意

of和顺序，以us为例：

both of us (✔)

us both (✔)

we both (✔)

both we (✘)

both us (✘)

Both of us like running.

He wished us both happy.

他祝我们俩都幸福。

We both love each other.

我们俩彼此相爱。

③both adv. 两者都

常用于行为动词之前，be动词、助动

词、情态动 词之后。

They both like watching TV.

他们俩都喜欢看电视。

My parents are both teachers.

我父母都是老师。

They are both listening to music now.

他们两个现在都在听音乐。

They can both dance.

他们俩都会跳舞。

【注意】在感叹句或简略答语中,both

置于be动词之前。

How happy they both are!

A:Are you both teachers?

B:Yes, we both are.　

④ both…and… …和…都；既…又…

连接任意两个并列部分，可以是名词、

代词、形容词…,甚至两个句子。

连接并列主语时， 谓语动词用复数形

式。

Both you and I are doctors.

I can speak both English and French.

They can both sing and dance.

The things are both beautiful and

cheap.

◆both…and…的否定形式为:

neither…nor… 既不…也不…

如果连接主语时，谓语动词的数采用

就近原则。

Neither he nor his parents are at

home.

He can speak neither English

nor French.

【同义句】

①Both of the girls are very beautiful.

=The girls are both very beautiful.

②We both want to go.

=Both of us want to go.

③He likes both of us.

=He likes us both.

【拓展】both 部分否定与全部否定句

当both用于否定句时，是部分否定,

表示“并非两者都……”。

Both of the books are not mine.

这两本书并非都是我的。

全部否定句，应为：

Neither of the books is mine.

=Either of the books is not mine.

这两本书都不是我的。

3.better [“betə(r)] adj.&adv.(good

和well的比较级)较好的(地);更好的

（地）

◆good和well的比较级、最高级：

better best

He is better at singing than me.

他比我更擅长唱歌。

He dances better than me.

他跳舞跳得比我好。

4.loudly [“laʊdli] adv.喧闹地;大声地；

响亮地

【辨析】aloud,loud,loudly

aloud, loudly用作副词;loud既可作副

词,也可作形容词。

①loudly adv.喧闹地；大声地；响亮地

含”喧闹”之意,常与knock, ring连用。

Suddenly the bell on the wall rang

loudly.

墙上的铃突然大声得响起来。

②loud adj. 大声的

The music is too loud.

这音乐声音太大了。

◆in a loud voice 大声地

in a low voice 低声地，小声地

Tom is speaking in a loud voice.

汤姆正大声说话。

③loud adv. 响亮地；高声地

◆loud置于 talk, speak, shout, laugh,

sing等动词之后,在口语中代替 loudly。

◆在动词后面loud比loudly更常用些。

他们的反义词是: quietly。

◆在用于比较级或最高级时,通常用

loud而不用loudly。

Could you please speak louder?

请你大点声讲话好吗？

Who laughed loudest？

谁笑得声音最大?

Facts speak louder than words.

事实胜于雄辩。

③ aloud adv.

◆ aloud与read, think连用时,表示“出

声地”

read aloud 朗读

read the text aloud 朗读课文

think aloud自言自语地说

◆置于call,shout,cry之后,表示“大声

地”。

call/shout/cry aloud

She called aloud for help.

她大声呼救。

5.quietly [“kwaɪətli] adv. 轻声地；轻

柔地；安静地

quiet →quietly

①quietly adv.

比较级、最高级：more/most quietly

反义词：loudly

主要修饰行为动词。

He walked into the room quietly.

他悄悄地走进房间。

She sings more quietly/loudly than

you.

她唱歌声音比你轻柔/响亮。

②quiet adj.安静的；文静的

比较级、最高级：quieter quietest

可作定语或表语。

I like living in a quiet place.

我喜欢住在安静的地方。

She is a quiet girl.

她是个安静的女孩。

◆ be quiet

◆ keep quiet

Be quiet, everyone. 大家安静。

We must keep quiet in the reading

room. 在阅览室我们必须保持安静。

6.hard-working [ˌhɑː(r)d”wɜːkɪŋ] adj. 

工作努力的；辛勤的

【辨析】work hard，hard work，

hard-working

①hard-working adj. 工作努力的；辛

勤的 比较级、最高级：

more/most hard-working

作表语、定语。

He is honest and hard-working.

他诚实、勤奋。

He is a hardworking man.

他是个勤奋的人。

②work hard努力工作；努力学习

work v. 工作；hard adv. 努力地

动词短语(动词+副词)，可作谓语。

He works really hard.

他工作真得很努力。

◆work hard at/on +学科

=study+学科+hard

work hard at/on English

=study English hard 努力学习英语

③hard work艰难的工作

hard adj. 困难的；work un. 工作

名词短语(形容词+不可数名词)，不能

作谓语。

He is doing such hard work.

他在做这么辛苦的工作。

Looking after a baby is hard work.

照看孩子是个累活.

Hard work can lead to success.

勤奋能造就成功。

【专练】hard work,work hard,hard-

working

单项选择

①He ___all day . Finally, his___led to

success.

A. hard work;work hard

B. hard-working;hard work

C. worked hard; hard work

D. worked hard; hard-working

②It is ___and we must___on it.

A. hard work;hard work

B. a hard work;work hard

C. hard work ;work hard

D. work hard ;hard work

③Too much ___kept him tired.

A. work hard

B. hard- working

C. hard work

D. a hard work

④___and you will make great

progress in your English.

A Hard-working B. Hard work

C. Work hard D. Working hard

⑤He is a ___man. He thinks no one

can be successful without___.

A .working-hard; hard work

B. hard-working;work hard

C. hard-working; hard work

D. working-hard ;work hard

(答案都是C)

7.competition [ˌkɒmpə”tɪʃn], 

[ˌkɑːmpə”tɪʃn] n. 比赛；竞赛；竞争

compete→competition→competitor

◆ the swimming competition

游泳比赛

◆the singing competition 歌唱比赛

【拓展】compete [kəm’pi:t] v. 竞争;对

抗

◆compete with sb. 和……比赛

I’ll compete with my best friend in

the swimming competition.

在游泳比赛中我将和我最好的朋友竞

争。

In some families, competition starts

very young.（八下教材p30)

在有些家庭，竞争很早就开始了。

◆competitor cn. 参赛者；对手

pl. competitors

The youngest competitor got the

first prize.

最年轻的比赛者获得了一等奖授。

8.fantastic [fæn”tæstɪk] adj.极好的；

了不起的

fantastic=very good=great

作表语、定语。

You are fantastic! 你太棒了！

He found a fantastic job in town.

他在城里找到了一份极好的工作。

9.which [wɪtʃ] pron. & adj. 哪一个；

哪一些

①which pron.哪一个；哪一些

Which is taller, you or your sister?

Which are our books?

Which is the way to the bank?

Which of you want to go with me?

②which adj. 哪一个；哪一些

Which bike is yours?

Which books would you like?

I don’t know which one/ones to buy.

我不知道买那一个/些。

10.clearly [“klɪəli] [“klɪrli] adv.清楚

地；清晰地；明白的

clear→clearly

比较级、最高级：more/most clearly

修饰行为动词。

Our teacher explained it clearly.

我们老师解释得很清楚。

【拓展】 clear

①clear adj.清楚易懂的；晴朗的

比较级、最高级：clearer clearest

Can you give me a clear answer?

你能给我一个清晰的答案吗？

◆It’s clear that+从句 很明显…

It’s clear that he is right.

很明显他是对的。

◆make it clear that+从句

弄清楚；表明

I have to make it clear that I have

no money with me.

我得说清楚我身上没带钱。

◆It’s a clear day today.今天晴天。

◆clear water 清澈的水

◆a clear mind 清醒的头脑

◆a clear blue sky 晴朗的蓝天

②clear v. 清除

clear clears clearing cleared cleared

◆clear out 清理；丢掉

clear out a lot of old things

清理许多旧东西

◆clear up 清理

It’s time to clear up your room.

11.win [wɪn] v. 获胜；赢；赢得

win wins winning won won

win→winner

① win vi.

We must win.我们必胜。

Which team won?

哪个队赢了？

②win vt.

◆win sth.

win a prize得奖

win the first prize 获得一等奖

win the first place得第一名

win a game赢得比赛

win the singing competition

赢得歌唱比赛

win a match赢得比赛

win the war赢得战争

They won the basketball game last

week.

上周他们赢得了那场篮球比赛。

He has the chance of winning the

game. 他有机会赢得比赛。

③winner cn. pl. winners

All the winners are from China.

所有获胜者都来自中国。

Do you know the names of the

winners?

=Do you know the winners’ names?

你知道获胜者的名字吗?

【拓展】beat v.

beat beats beating beat beaten

① beat v. 赢；打败；战胜

beat后只接表示人的词语作宾语。

beat sb.赢/打败/战胜某人

beat a team 战胜/打败一队（组）

beat a nation战争/打败一个国家

Who beat Tom in the match?

谁在比赛中打败了汤姆？

They beat the team from Shanghai.

他们打败了上海队 。

②beat v.敲打；击打

Who is beating the window?

谁在敲打窗户？

The storm beat heavily against the

window.

暴风雨重重地敲打在窗户上。

③ beat v.（心脏等)跳动

I feel that my heart is beating fast.

我觉得我的心脏在剧烈跳动。

【辨析】beat和win

beat和win都有“ 赢”的意思，但用

法不同。

◆ beat 后接表人的词语作宾语，如某

人或团体、组织等。

◆ win后接表物的词语作宾语，如比赛

或某个项目等。

记住：beat sb. 和win sth.

12.though [ðəʊ] adv.不过；可是；然

而 conj.虽然；尽管；不过

①though conj. 虽然；尽管；不过

引导让步状语从句。

该从句不可模仿中文“虽然…但是…”

，组成though…but…，即though从

句不能与并列连词but连用，though

和but只能用其中之一。

◆同义句转换

Though he is busy, he tries to help us.

=He is busy, but he tries to help us.

尽管他很忙，他还是尽力帮助我们。

②though可作副词，意为“不过；可

是；然而”

置于句末（不放在句首），其前常有逗

号。

It’s hard work,I enjoy it, though.

这是苦差事，可我喜欢。

【辨析】although/though

①用作连词，表示“虽然；尽管；即

使”，二者可互换，但although比

though更为正式。

Though/Although he lives alone, he

is happy.

=He lives alone, but he is happy.

=He is happy though/although he

lives alone.

虽然他一个人住，但他很快乐。

②though可作副词，意为“不过；可

是；然而”

置于句末（不放在句首），其前常有逗

号；而although不可用作副词。

③在even though(即使，纵然)固定短

语中，不能用although代替though。

Even though it was snowing,he went

to buy bread.

尽管在下雪，他还是去买面包了。